Richardson A B, Jobe F W, Collins H R
Am J Sports Med. 1980 May-Jun;8(3):159-63. doi: 10.1177/036354658000800303.
Shoulder pain is the most common orthopaedic problem in competitive swimming. In a group of 137 of this country's best swimmers, 58 had had symptoms of "swimmer's shoulder." Population characteristics of this group indicated that symptoms increased with the caliber of the athlete, were slightly more common in men, and were related to sprint rather than distance swimming. The use of hand-paddle training exacerbated symptoms, which were more common during the early and middle season. Consideration of shoulder mechanics in swimming reveals that freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke require similar motions; a swimmer using any of these strokes is susceptible to developing shoulder pain. Swimmer's shoulder represents chronic irritation of the humeral head and rotator cuff on the coracoacromial arch during abduction of the shoulder, the so-called impingement syndrome. Treatment included stretching, rest, ice therapy, oral antiinflammatory agents, judicious use of injectable steroids, and surgery as a last resort.
肩部疼痛是竞技游泳中最常见的骨科问题。在该国137名最优秀的游泳运动员中，58人有“游泳者肩部”症状。该组人群特征表明，症状随运动员水平的提高而增加，在男性中略为常见，且与短距离冲刺游泳而非长距离游泳有关。使用划水板训练会加重症状，这些症状在赛季早期和中期更为常见。对游泳时肩部力学的研究表明，自由泳、蝶泳和仰泳需要类似的动作；使用这些泳姿中的任何一种的游泳者都容易出现肩部疼痛。游泳者肩部疼痛是指肩部外展时肱骨头和肩袖在喙肩弓上受到慢性刺激，即所谓的撞击综合征。治疗方法包括伸展、休息、冰敷、口服抗炎药、谨慎使用注射用类固醇，以及最后才考虑的手术。
