Reinecke M, Carraway R E, Falkmer S, Feurle G E, Forssmann W G
Cell Tissue Res. 1980;212(2):173-83. doi: 10.1007/BF00233953.
In the mucosal epithelium of the digestive tract of two marine teleost bony fish, one cartilaginous fish, one cyclostome, and in that of two of three representatives of deuterostomian invertebrates studied, endocrine cells of open type were found, exhibiting immunoreactivity with antisera against C-terminal sequences of mammalian neurotensin and of the structurally closely related amphibian neurohormonal peptide xenopsin. From these observations, and from those of previous studies, it is suggested that neurotensin cells do not occur in the digestive tract mucosa until at the evolutionary level of the more highly developed deutoerostomian invertebrates. Three evolutionary stages seem to exist in the distribution pattern. The first stage, characterized by few, widely scattered cells, is found in the uro- and cephalochordates, the cyclostomes, the cartilaginous fish, and the stomachless bony fish. In the second stage, comprising the remaining submammalian classes, including more highly developed bony fish, the typical distribution pattern is that of numerous neurotensin immunoreactive cells in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. The final stage of neurotensin evolution is found in higher mammals and is characterized by a great density of neurotensin immunoreactive cells in the ileum.
在两种海洋硬骨鱼类、一种软骨鱼类、一种圆口纲动物的消化道黏膜上皮中，以及在所研究的三种后口动物无脊椎动物中的两种的消化道黏膜上皮中，发现了开放型内分泌细胞，它们与针对哺乳动物神经降压素C端序列以及结构密切相关的两栖类神经激素肽异源视蛋白的抗血清呈现免疫反应性。基于这些观察结果以及先前研究的结果，有人提出，直到进化到更高度发达的后口动物无脊椎动物水平，神经降压素细胞才会出现在消化道黏膜中。分布模式似乎存在三个进化阶段。第一阶段的特征是细胞数量少且广泛分散，见于尾索动物、头索动物、圆口纲动物、软骨鱼类和无胃硬骨鱼类。第二阶段包括其余的非哺乳类动物类别，包括更高度发达的硬骨鱼类，典型的分布模式是胃窦、幽门和十二指肠中有大量神经降压素免疫反应性细胞。神经降压素进化的最后阶段见于高等哺乳动物，其特征是回肠中有大量神经降压素免疫反应性细胞。
