Sadalla E K, Burroughs W J, Staplin L J
J Exp Psychol Hum Learn. 1980 Sep;6(5):516-28.
The present research investigates the hypothesis that cognitive representations of large scale space contain elements that may be termed reference points, and that these points are used to define the position of adjacent places. The nature and function of reference points is explored in five experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 consist of tasks during which subjects judged the distance between known locations. The subjective distance between reference points and nonreference points was found to be asymmetrical, with the latter ordered in relation to the former. Experiments 3 and 4 employ reaction time tasks in which subjects attempted to verify the distance or direction from an anchor location to target locations. The data indicate that the relative referentiality of anchor and target locations influences verification time. The results of Experiments 1-4 suggest that reference points occur in spatial cognition and that these points provide an organizational structure that facilitates the location of adjacent points in space. Experiment 5 consists of a multiple regression analysis designed to clarify the semantic attributes of spatial reference points.
大规模空间的认知表征包含可被称为参考点的元素，并且这些点用于定义相邻地点的位置。在五个实验中探究了参考点的性质和功能。实验1和实验2包括受试者判断已知位置之间距离的任务。发现参考点与非参考点之间的主观距离是不对称的，后者相对于前者有序排列。实验3和实验4采用反应时任务，其中受试者试图验证从锚定位置到目标位置的距离或方向。数据表明，锚定位置和目标位置的相对参照性会影响验证时间。实验1至4的结果表明，参考点存在于空间认知中，并且这些点提供了一种组织结构，有助于在空间中定位相邻点。实验5包括旨在阐明空间参考点语义属性的多元回归分析。
