Bates M, Malcolm M, Wyatt R, Garrett N, Galloway Y, Speir T, Read D
Communicable Disease Centre, Porirua.
N Z Med J. 1995 Oct 13;108(1009):400-4.
To examine blood lead levels in children, aged 12 to 23 months, living in old housing areas of Wellington and Lower Hutt, and to investigate risk factors for high lead levels.
Children were selected from Plunket Society rolls. Venous blood samples were collected, and care givers were interviewed with a questionnaire. Soil samples were taken from around the children's homes. Both soil and blood samples were analysed for lead content.
Blood samples and completed questionnaires were obtained for 143 children. The geometric mean blood lead level for all the children was 0.25 mumol/L (5.1 micrograms/dL) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.22-0.28 mumol/L). Three children had blood lead levels that exceeded the level for notification in New Zealand 1.45 mumol/L and a further 13 had blood lead levels exceeding 0.48 mumol/L. Children with elevated lead levels were likely to live in a house greater than 50 years old where paint removal had taken place in the last 2 years (risk ratio [RR] = 14.4, 95% CI: 2-107). Eating dirt, particularly for children who usually played outside within 2 metres of the house, was also a risk factor for elevated blood lead levels. Soil lead levels generally increased with the age of the house and were weakly correlated with blood lead levels (r = 0.32).
Paint removal in old houses is a major risk factor for elevated blood lead levels. However, the number of study children living in houses less than 50 years old was limited. Because of this and possible participant selection bias, the results of this study require confirmation in a separate population-based study. Information about the specific paint removal procedures that cause high lead levels is also needed.
检测居住在惠灵顿和下哈特旧住宅区的12至23个月大儿童的血铅水平，并调查血铅水平升高的危险因素。
从普伦基特协会的名册中选取儿童。采集静脉血样本，并通过问卷对照顾者进行访谈。从儿童家周围采集土壤样本。对土壤和血样均进行铅含量分析。
获得了143名儿童的血样和完整问卷。所有儿童的几何平均血铅水平为0.25微摩尔/升（5.1微克/分升）（95%置信区间[95%CI]：0.22 - 0.28微摩尔/升）。三名儿童的血铅水平超过了新西兰的报告水平1.45微摩尔/升，另有13名儿童的血铅水平超过0.48微摩尔/升。血铅水平升高的儿童可能居住在房龄超过50年且在过去两年内进行过油漆清除的房屋中（风险比[RR]=14.4，95%CI：2 - 107）。吃泥土，特别是对于那些通常在房屋两米范围内户外玩耍的儿童，也是血铅水平升高的一个危险因素。土壤铅水平通常随房屋年龄增加而升高，且与血铅水平呈弱相关（r = 0.32）。
旧房屋中的油漆清除是血铅水平升高的主要危险因素。然而，居住在房龄小于50年房屋中的研究儿童数量有限。因此，由于这一点以及可能存在的参与者选择偏倚，本研究结果需要在另一项基于人群的单独研究中得到证实。还需要有关导致高铅水平的具体油漆清除程序的信息。
