Giamberardino Maria Adele, Valente Rita, de Bigontina Paolo, Vecchiet Leonardo
Pathophysiology of Pain Laboratory, Institute of Medical Pathophysiology, 'G. DAnnunzio' University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
Pain. 1995 Jun;61(3):459-469. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00208-V.
In a rat model of artificial ureteral calculosis, the aim of the study was to characterize the behavioural manifestations of direct visceral pain and to evaluate the relationship between number, duration and complexity of the visceral episodes and the extent of referred lumbar muscular hyperalgesia. As evidenced by non-stop video-tape recordings over 4-14 days, almost 98% of stone-implanted rats showed episodes similar to the writhing behaviour characteristic of noxious visceral stimulation in animals. From one rat to another, these episodes varied from very few (1-3) to a very high number (+/- 60), lasted a few minutes to over 45 min and were of variable complexity, as evaluated via an arbitrary scale on the basis of the combination of movements. Their number and duration decreased significantly, in a linear fashion, as time passed after the operation, so that they were mostly concentrated during the first 3 days. Number, duration and complexity of episodes were reduced by chronic treatment with morphine in a dose-dependent fashion. Stone-implanted rats displaying visceral episodes also showed hyperalgesia of the ipsilateral oblique musculature, as evidenced by a decrease in the vocalization threshold to electrical muscle stimulation, which was maximum on the first 3-4 days after implantation but lasted up to 10 days. The visceral episodes and the muscle hyperalgesia showed a strict relationship of interdependence: a significant, direct linear correlation was found between number and duration of episodes and tendency to also develop a contralateral muscle hyperalgesia. By applying the results of the study to the interpretation of human pathology, referred lumbar muscle hyperalgesia from ureteral calculosis would appear to be a strict function of the colic pain experienced.
在大鼠人工输尿管结石症模型中，本研究的目的是描述直接内脏痛的行为表现，并评估内脏发作的次数、持续时间和复杂性与腰部肌肉牵涉性痛觉过敏程度之间的关系。通过4 - 14天的不间断录像记录证明，几乎98%植入结石的大鼠表现出类似于动物有害内脏刺激特征的扭体行为发作。从一只大鼠到另一只大鼠，这些发作次数从很少（1 - 3次）到非常多（±60次）不等，持续几分钟到超过45分钟，并且复杂性各异，这是根据动作组合通过任意量表评估得出的。随着手术后时间的推移，它们的发作次数和持续时间呈线性显著下降，因此主要集中在头3天。吗啡长期治疗以剂量依赖的方式减少了发作的次数、持续时间和复杂性。表现出内脏发作的植入结石大鼠还表现出同侧斜肌的痛觉过敏，这通过对肌肉电刺激的发声阈值降低得以证明，在植入后第1 - 4天达到最大值，但持续长达10天。内脏发作和肌肉痛觉过敏显示出严格的相互依存关系：发作次数和持续时间与对侧肌肉痛觉过敏发展倾向之间存在显著的直接线性相关性。将该研究结果应用于人类病理学的解释时，输尿管结石症引起的腰部肌肉牵涉性痛觉过敏似乎严格取决于所经历的绞痛疼痛。
