van Willigen L H, Hondius A J, van der Ploeg H M
Pharos Foundation for Refugee Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Trop Geogr Med. 1995;47(3):118-24.
Research was carried out on the medical, i.e. somatic and mental, and social complaints of refugees in The Netherlands. This research consisted of a literature study and a retrospective and prospective, or cross-sectional patient study. The most important assumption which formed the base of the study was: refugees who underwent torture present the same medical and social complaints as refugees who were not tortured but underwent other forms of organized violence. For the cross-sectional study 156 refugees from the Middle East were interviewed. Not only was investigated whether the nature and extent of organized violence influenced the presentation of the refugees' medical and social complaints, but also whether other characteristics such as legal status and length of stay in The Netherlands were related with the refugees' medical and social complaints. The same data were sought for in literature. The results confirm the main assumption, as well as show that factors other than the traumatic experiences in the country of origin are related with the health problems of refugees. Although many studies in literature demonstrated that a relatively high percentage of refugees present a post traumatic stress disorder (DSM-III-R) these findings could not be confirmed. It is concluded that refugees undergo a sequence of traumatic experiences and stress before, during and after their flight into exile. Various pre- and post-migration factors are responsible for the presentation of aspecific physical and mental complaints and social problems of refugees.
针对荷兰难民的医疗（即身体和精神方面）及社会诉求展开了研究。这项研究包括文献研究以及回顾性和前瞻性或横断面患者研究。构成该研究基础的最重要假设是：遭受酷刑的难民与未遭受酷刑但经历了其他形式有组织暴力的难民表现出相同的医疗和社会诉求。在横断面研究中，对156名来自中东的难民进行了访谈。不仅调查了有组织暴力的性质和程度是否会影响难民医疗和社会诉求的呈现，还调查了诸如法律地位和在荷兰的停留时间等其他特征是否与难民的医疗和社会诉求相关。在文献中也寻找相同的数据。结果证实了主要假设，同时表明除了原籍国的创伤经历之外，其他因素也与难民的健康问题相关。尽管文献中的许多研究表明，相当高比例的难民患有创伤后应激障碍（《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本），但这些研究结果并未得到证实。得出的结论是，难民在流亡之前、期间和之后会经历一系列创伤经历和压力。各种迁移前和迁移后的因素导致了难民出现非特异性身心诉求和社会问题。
