Lüth H J, Hedlich A, Hilbig H, Winkelmann E, Mayer B
University of Leipzig, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Neuroanatomy, Germany.
J Neurocytol. 1994 Dec;23(12):770-82. doi: 10.1007/BF01268089.
Human visual cortex was studied using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemistry. Large, strongly stained, sparsely spined non-pyramidal cells (average soma diameter: 16 x 16 microns) occur in layers II-VI, but are commonest in layers II-III. Small weakly stained multipolar cells (average soma diameter 3.6 x 4 microns, stellate like cells) in layers II-VI are concentrated in layer IV of areas 17 and 18. The density of these cells, measured with a computer assisted microscopy system is less in area 18 than 17. Large, strongly stained, predominantly horizontal cells (average soma diameter 12 x 19 microns) are localized in the underlying white matter. Axons of the large, strongly NADPH-diaphorase positive cells are thin and unbranched with fine boutons. These axons ascend to layer I. The large, strongly stained cells in layers II-VI we identify as Martinotti neurons. In layer I parallel unbranched positive fibres with some fine boutons run horizontally and build dense axonal plexuses together with the axons of Martinotti neurons. Axons of presumed extrinsic origin are morphologically different from NADPH-diaphorase positive intrinsic fibres. They show thick varicosities running in different directions and forming a network in layers III-VI. Basket like formations of these fibres were frequently observed in layers IV, V and VI. Other fibres seem to innervate blood vessels. Nitric oxide synthase was also demonstrated immunohistochemically by a polyclonal rabbit nitric oxide synthase antiserum. The morphology and distribution of the immunostained cells correspond with those seen with NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. Double labelling experiments confirm the colocalization of NADPH-diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase in all demonstrated cells. Immunohistochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein has shown that astrocytes are not involved in the NADPH-diaphorase/NOS system in the human visual cortex.
采用NADPH黄递酶组织化学和一氧化氮合酶免疫组织化学方法对人类视觉皮层进行了研究。大的、染色强烈、棘突稀疏的非锥体细胞（平均胞体直径：16×16微米）出现在II-VI层，但在II-III层最为常见。II-VI层中染色较弱的小多极细胞（平均胞体直径3.6×4微米，星状细胞样）集中在17区和18区的IV层。用计算机辅助显微镜系统测量，这些细胞在18区的密度低于17区。大的、染色强烈、主要为水平方向的细胞（平均胞体直径12×19微米）位于下方的白质中。大的、NADPH黄递酶阳性染色强烈的细胞的轴突细且无分支，带有细小终扣。这些轴突向上延伸至I层。我们将II-VI层中染色强烈的大细胞鉴定为马丁诺蒂神经元。在I层，平行的无分支阳性纤维带有一些细小终扣，呈水平方向延伸，并与马丁诺蒂神经元的轴突一起形成密集的轴突丛。推测为外在起源的轴突在形态上与NADPH黄递酶阳性的内在纤维不同。它们显示出粗大的膨体，向不同方向延伸，并在III-VI层形成网络。在IV、V和VI层经常观察到这些纤维形成篮状结构。其他纤维似乎支配血管。还用兔抗一氧化氮合酶多克隆抗血清通过免疫组织化学方法证实了一氧化氮合酶的存在。免疫染色细胞的形态和分布与NADPH黄递酶组织化学所见一致。双重标记实验证实了在所有显示的细胞中NADPH黄递酶和一氧化氮合酶的共定位。胶质纤维酸性蛋白的免疫组织化学显示表明，星形胶质细胞不参与人类视觉皮层的NADPH黄递酶/一氧化氮合酶系统。
