Smith S A, Campbell D R, Elmer P J, Martini M C, Slavin J L, Potter J D
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55454 USA.
Cancer Causes Control. 1995 Jul;6(4):292-302. doi: 10.1007/BF00051404.
High vegetable and fruit (V&F) intake has been associated with a lower risk of many cancers. However, the specific V&F, the active compounds present in V&F, and the dose at which they confer protection are unknown. Standard methods for assessing, classifying, and quantifying V&F exposures in epidemiologic studies have not been established. Differences among studies occur due to inherent differences among V&F, and across dietary assessment methods, study populations, etiologic hypotheses, and analytic methods. The V&F classification scheme presented here characterizes and quantifies V&F consumption for elucidating risk relationships, identifying chemopreventive compounds present in V&F, and facilitating identification of potential biomarkers of V&F intake. Broad criteria define which plant foods count as V&F. Formation of food groups is based on proposed biological mechanisms of action. Five main groups are included: Total V&F; Total Vegetables; Total Fruits; and two groups orthogonal to these -- the Botanical and Phytochemical groups. Subgroups are specified within each main group. V&F exposure is quantified as the absolute amount consumed (weight) or as the number of household servings. This classification scheme has public health applications and may be used to examine associations with chronic diseases other than cancer.
大量摄入蔬菜和水果与多种癌症风险降低相关。然而，具体是哪些蔬菜和水果、其中所含的活性化合物以及它们发挥保护作用的剂量尚不清楚。流行病学研究中评估、分类和量化蔬菜和水果摄入量的标准方法尚未确立。由于蔬菜和水果本身存在差异，以及不同的膳食评估方法、研究人群、病因假设和分析方法，各研究之间存在差异。本文提出的蔬菜和水果分类方案对蔬菜和水果的消费进行了表征和量化，以阐明风险关系、识别蔬菜和水果中存在的化学预防化合物，并有助于识别蔬菜和水果摄入量的潜在生物标志物。宽泛的标准界定了哪些植物性食物属于蔬菜和水果。食物组的形成基于所提出的生物作用机制。包括五个主要组：蔬菜和水果总量；蔬菜总量；水果总量；以及与这些组正交的两组——植物学组和植物化学组。每个主要组内又细分了亚组。蔬菜和水果摄入量通过所摄入的绝对量（重量）或家庭份数来量化。这种分类方案具有公共卫生应用价值，可用于研究与癌症以外的其他慢性病的关联。
