Murray R
Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Barrington, IL 60010, USA.
Int J Sport Nutr. 1995 Jun;5 Suppl:S62-73. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.5.s1.s62.
Of all the physiological perturbations that can cause early fatigue during exercise, dehydration is arguably the most important, if only because the consequences of dehydration are potentially life threatening. The rise in body temperature that normally accompanies exercise stimulates an increase in blood flow to the skin and the onset of sweating. Normal hydration is protective of these thermoregulatory responses, whereas even a slight amount of dehydration results in measurable declines in cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function. Mild to severe dehydration commonly occurs among athletes, even when fluid is readily available. This voluntary dehydration compromises physiological function, impairs exercise performance, and increases the risk of heat illness. Recent research illustrates that maintaining normal hydration (or close to it) during exercise maintains cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses and improves exercise performance. Consequently, it is in the athlete's best interest to adopt fluid-replacement practices that promote fluid intake in proportion to sweat loss.
在所有可能导致运动早期疲劳的生理紊乱中，脱水可以说是最重要的，这仅仅是因为脱水的后果可能危及生命。运动时通常伴随的体温升高会刺激皮肤血流量增加和出汗开始。正常补水对这些体温调节反应具有保护作用，而即使是轻微脱水也会导致心血管和体温调节功能出现可测量的下降。即使在容易获得液体的情况下，运动员中也普遍存在轻度至重度脱水。这种自愿性脱水会损害生理功能、影响运动表现并增加中暑风险。最近的研究表明，运动期间保持正常补水（或接近正常水平）可维持心血管和体温调节反应并提高运动表现。因此，采取与出汗量成比例促进液体摄入的补液措施符合运动员的最大利益。
