Fox B H
Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA.
Support Care Cancer. 1995 Jul;3(4):257-63. doi: 10.1007/BF00335900.
Several requirements of psychotherapeutic intervention (PI) research are presented. Some major problems are discussed. First, confidence in experimental results may be diminished by interference of possible confounders. A large number of these exist, both physical, perhaps more easily measurable, and psychological or psychosocial. Second, the value and limitations of randomization are presented, with special reference to small N. Validity and reliability are addressed, with emphasis on things that may dilute the strength of both of these measures. Natural remedies are proposed. Internal consistency and reliability are compared and cautions are given regarding their use and possible invalid substitution of consistency for reliability. Comparison of different PIs is commented on, with some relevant examples. Finally, a matter of special interest is discussed: the inconsistency between Spiegel's control survival curve and that produced from local population normative data.
本文提出了心理治疗干预（PI）研究的若干要求。讨论了一些主要问题。首先，可能的混杂因素的干扰可能会削弱对实验结果的信心。其中有大量的混杂因素，包括身体方面的，可能更容易测量，以及心理或社会心理方面的。其次，阐述了随机化的价值和局限性，特别提及了小样本量的情况。探讨了效度和信度问题，重点关注可能削弱这两种测量方法效力的因素。提出了自然补救措施。比较了内部一致性和信度，并对其使用以及可能将一致性无效替代信度的情况给出了警示。对不同心理治疗干预方法的比较进行了评论，并给出了一些相关示例。最后，讨论了一个特别有趣的问题：斯皮格尔的对照生存曲线与根据当地人群规范数据得出的生存曲线之间的不一致性。
