Nucci L, Weber E K
College of Education, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA.
Child Dev. 1995 Oct;66(5):1438-52.
Observations and interviews of 20 middle-class 3- and 4-year-olds and their mothers were conducted to examine the emergence of the personal domain. Interviews with children showed that 3- and 4-year-olds make a conceptual distinction between personal, and moral or conventional issues. Interviews with mothers indicated that they viewed it as important for young children to have freedom of choice over personal issues to develop a sense of autonomy and individuality. Observations in the home revealed that mothers tended to give direct social messages to children about moral, conventional, and prudential events, and were more likely to give indirect social messages in the form of offered choices to children in response to personal issues. Mothers were more likely to negotiate with children over personal than other social events. These data revealed a pattern of social interactions concordant with event domain, which included a reciprocal system along the border between the personal and the conventional.
对20名3至4岁的中产阶级儿童及其母亲进行了观察和访谈，以研究个人领域的出现。对儿童的访谈表明，3至4岁的儿童在个人问题与道德或习俗问题之间做出了概念区分。对母亲的访谈表明，她们认为幼儿在个人问题上拥有选择自由对于培养自主感和个性很重要。在家中的观察发现，母亲倾向于就道德、习俗和审慎事件向孩子传达直接的社会信息，并且在回应个人问题时，更有可能以提供选择的形式向孩子传达间接的社会信息。与其他社会事件相比，母亲更有可能就个人问题与孩子进行协商。这些数据揭示了一种与事件领域相一致的社会互动模式，其中包括个人与习俗边界沿线的互惠系统。
