Judd C M, Park B, Ryan C S, Brauer M, Kraus S
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0345, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Sep;69(3):460-81. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.69.3.460.
Much recent work on stereotyping has dealt with groups that are either artificially created or that do not have an extensive history of conflict. The authors attempted to overcome this limitation by examining issues of perceived variability and ethnocentrism among samples of White American and African American youth. The goals were both to examine theoretical issues in stereotyping and to describe the current state of ethnic interrelations among young people. Four studies are reported. Throughout, the samples of African Americans demonstrate interethnic judgments that are consistent with existing work on stereotyping and ethnocentrism. White American students, however, reported judgements that replicate neither the out-group homogeneity effect nor ethnocentrism. Alternative explanations for this difference are considered, and the discussion focuses on differing views concerning the role of ethnic identity and diversity in our society.
近期关于刻板印象的许多研究都涉及到那些要么是人为构建的群体，要么是没有长期冲突历史的群体。作者试图通过研究美国白人和非裔美国青年样本中感知到的变异性和民族中心主义问题来克服这一局限性。目标既是检验刻板印象中的理论问题，也是描述年轻人之间种族关系的现状。报告了四项研究。总体而言，非裔美国人样本表现出的族际判断与现有的刻板印象和民族中心主义研究一致。然而，美国白人学生报告的判断既没有重现外群体同质性效应，也没有体现民族中心主义。文中考虑了对此差异的其他解释，讨论聚焦于关于种族身份和多样性在我们社会中作用的不同观点。
