Bottalico A, Logrieco A, Ritieni A, Moretti A, Randazzo G, Corda P
Istituto di Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi, Sassari, Italy.
Food Addit Contam. 1995 Jul-Aug;12(4):599-607. doi: 10.1080/02652039509374348.
Six selected samples of preharvest maize ear rot, from different localities in Sardinia, Italy, were examined for causal Fusarium species and associated mycotoxins. All samples were almost exclusively found to be affected by Fusarium moniliforme, which was isolated from all infected ear sample kernels (100%). In two samples, in addition to F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum was also present but in a reduced percentage of kernels (up to 42%). All samples were found to be contaminated by fumonisin B1 (up to 250 mg/kg). Four samples were also found to be contaminated by beauvericin (up to 10 mg/kg), with higher concentration in samples also infected by F. proliferatum. When cultured on autoclaved maize kernels for 4 weeks at 25 degrees C, all 13 strains of F. moniliforme examined produced fumonisin B1 (up to 3750 mg/kg), whereas only three strains also produced beauvericin, but in very low amounts (5 mg/kg). In the same assay, four isolates of F. proliferatum also produced high amounts of fumonisin B1 (up to 2500 mg/kg) but this was associated with higher concentrations of beauvericin (up to 175 mg/kg). This is the first indication of the production of beauvericin by F. moniliforme, as well as of its co-occurrence with fumonisin B1 in preharvest F. moniliforme maize ear rot.
对从意大利撒丁岛不同地区采集的六个收获前玉米穗腐病选定样本进行了致病镰刀菌种类及相关霉菌毒素检测。几乎所有样本都仅受串珠镰刀菌感染，从所有受感染穗样的籽粒中均分离出该菌（100%）。在两个样本中，除串珠镰刀菌外，还存在轮枝镰刀菌，但感染籽粒的比例较低（最高达42%）。所有样本均被伏马毒素B1污染（最高达250毫克/千克）。四个样本还被白僵菌素污染（最高达10毫克/千克），在同时感染轮枝镰刀菌的样本中浓度更高。当在25摄氏度下于高压灭菌的玉米粒上培养4周时，所检测的13株串珠镰刀菌均产生伏马毒素B1（最高达3750毫克/千克），而只有三株还产生白僵菌素，但产量极低（5毫克/千克）。在同一试验中，四株轮枝镰刀菌分离株也产生了大量伏马毒素B1（最高达2500毫克/千克），但这与更高浓度的白僵菌素（最高达175毫克/千克）有关。这是关于串珠镰刀菌产生白僵菌素以及在收获前串珠镰刀菌玉米穗腐病中其与伏马毒素B1同时出现的首次报道。
