Nduati R W, John G C, Richardson B A, Overbaugh J, Welch M, Ndinya-Achola J, Moses S, Holmes K, Onyango F, Kreiss J K
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
J Infect Dis. 1995 Dec;172(6):1461-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/172.6.1461.
Breast milk samples from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive women were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to determine the prevalence and determinants of HIV-1-infected cells in breast milk. Breast milk samples (212) were collected from 107 women, and 58% of the samples had detectable HIV-1 DNA. The proportion of HIV-1-infected cells in the milk samples ranged from 1 to 3255/10(4) cells. Breast milk samples with detectable HIV-1 DNA were more likely to be from women with absolute CD4 cell counts of < 400 (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-7.0). Severe vitamin A deficiency (< 20 micrograms/dL) was associated with a 20-fold increased risk of having HIV-1 DNA in breast milk among women with < 400 CD4 cells/mm3 (95% CI, 2.1-188.5). Women with CD4 cell depletion, especially those with vitamin A deficiency, may be at increased risk of transmitting HIV-1 to their infants through breast milk.
采用聚合酶链反应对1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）血清反应阳性女性的母乳样本进行分析，以确定母乳中HIV-1感染细胞的流行率和决定因素。从107名女性中收集了212份母乳样本，其中58%的样本可检测到HIV-1 DNA。母乳样本中HIV-1感染细胞的比例为1至3255/10⁴细胞。可检测到HIV-1 DNA的母乳样本更可能来自绝对CD4细胞计数<400的女性（优势比，3.1；95%置信区间[CI]，1.5 - 7.0）。严重维生素A缺乏（<20微克/分升）与CD4细胞<400个/mm³的女性母乳中存在HIV-1 DNA的风险增加20倍相关（95% CI，2.1 - 188.5）。CD4细胞耗竭的女性，尤其是那些维生素A缺乏的女性，可能通过母乳将HIV-1传播给婴儿的风险增加。
