van Oirschot J T
Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Vet Q. 1995 Mar;17(1):29-33. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1995.9694526.
Outbreaks of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) infections in artificial insemination centres can run a clinical or subclinical course. Clinical signs vary from mild to severe balanoposthitis and may be associated with a decrease in semen quality. After intranasal as well as intrapreputial infection, BHV1 can replicate in the preputial and penile mucosae, although the pattern of virus shedding in semen differs considerably per individual bull. Beyond the primary phase of a genital infection, BHV1 remains latent in sacral ganglia, and consequently a protracted course of intermittent virus excretion may follow. The seminal plasma rather than the sperm cells contains the BHV1. Diluting the semen before inoculating cell cultures appears to be the best method to neutralize its toxic activity and to achieve optimal virus isolation results. Detection of BHV1 in semen by polymerase chain reaction seems to be more sensitive than virus isolation. Not each extended semen straw contains virus when the virus titre in the ejaculate is low. The minimal dose to infect a cow by artificial insemination may be more than 32 infectious virus particles. Such an infection may lead to fertility disturbances, mainly endometritis. The risk of transmitting BHV1 to inseminated cows by using BHV1-seropositive bulls for artificial insemination is substantially reduced if two straws per semen batch are assayed for virus and if each positive batch is destroyed.
人工授精中心爆发的牛疱疹病毒1型（BHV1）感染可能呈临床或亚临床病程。临床症状从轻度到严重的龟头包皮炎不等，可能与精液质量下降有关。经鼻内和包皮内感染后，BHV1可在包皮和阴茎黏膜中复制，尽管每头公牛精液中病毒排出的模式差异很大。在生殖器感染的急性期过后，BHV1潜伏在骶神经节中，因此可能会出现间歇性病毒排泄的漫长病程。精液中的BHV1存在于精浆而非精子细胞中。在接种细胞培养物之前稀释精液似乎是中和其毒性活性并获得最佳病毒分离结果的最佳方法。通过聚合酶链反应检测精液中的BHV1似乎比病毒分离更敏感。当射精中的病毒滴度较低时，并非每根延长的精液细管都含有病毒。通过人工授精感染母牛的最小剂量可能超过32个感染性病毒颗粒。这种感染可能导致繁殖障碍，主要是子宫内膜炎。如果对每批精液的两根细管进行病毒检测，并且销毁每批阳性样品，则使用BHV1血清阳性公牛进行人工授精将BHV1传播给授精母牛的风险将大大降低。
