Hampl J S, Betts N M
Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-1584, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Aug;95(8):893-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00247-2.
To determine the sources of fat in the diets of 18- to 24-year-olds and to identify the food group choices of those consuming 30% of energy or less from fat.
This study compared the fat intake, nutrient intake, and food group choices of young men and women consuming 30% or less or more than 30% of energy from fat.
The 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by individuals (CSFII) provided the study sample of 1,062 (436 men and 626 women) 18- to 24-year-olds residing in the 48 coterminous states who completed one 24-hour food recall and two 1-day food records.
Dietary fat, vitamin, mineral, and food group intakes were determined by analysis of the 24-hour food recalls and the 1-day food records.
Tests were used to detect differences in nutrient and food group intakes between the two groups for both men and women.
More than 75% of the sample consumed more than 30% of energy from fat. The men and women who consumed low-fat diets did so by choosing more low-fat dairy products, fruits, and grains. Men who consumed low-fat diets consumed significantly more alcohol than other men; women who consumed low-fat diets showed a similar trend although the difference was not statistically significant. Although men and women who consumed a high-fat diet did consume significantly greater amounts of fat and cholesterol, they also fared better in vitamin and mineral intake.
A minority of young adults consumed 30% or less of energy from fat. Compared with those who consumed more than 30% of energy from fat, men consumed significantly greater mean amounts of vitamin C and folate, and women consumed significantly greater mean amounts of vitamin A and folate. Young adults who consumed more than 30% of energy from fat exceeded current recommendations for dietary fat intake; however, the men were less likely to be at risk for calcium deficiency and the women were less likely to be at risk for vitamin E and zinc deficiencies. Because excess dietary fat and alcohol can lead to chronic disease, dietitians should continue to educate people about the relationship between nutrition and health.
确定18至24岁人群饮食中脂肪的来源，并找出那些脂肪供能占比30%及以下者的食物类别选择。
本研究比较了脂肪供能占比30%及以下或超过30%的年轻男性和女性的脂肪摄入量、营养素摄入量及食物类别选择。
1989 - 1991年个人食物摄入量持续调查（CSFII）提供了研究样本，包括1062名（436名男性和626名女性）年龄在18至24岁、居住在美国本土48个州且完成了一次24小时食物回顾和两次1天食物记录的人群。
通过分析24小时食物回顾和1天食物记录来确定膳食脂肪、维生素、矿物质及食物类别摄入量。
采用检验来检测两组男性和女性在营养素及食物类别摄入量上的差异。
超过75%的样本脂肪供能超过30%。食用低脂饮食的男性和女性通过选择更多的低脂乳制品、水果和谷物来实现。食用低脂饮食的男性饮酒量显著高于其他男性；食用低脂饮食的女性也呈现类似趋势，尽管差异无统计学意义。虽然食用高脂饮食的男性和女性确实摄入了显著更多的脂肪和胆固醇，但他们在维生素和矿物质摄入量方面也表现更好。
少数年轻人脂肪供能占比30%及以下。与脂肪供能超过30%的人相比，男性维生素C和叶酸的平均摄入量显著更高，女性维生素A和叶酸的平均摄入量显著更高。脂肪供能超过30%的年轻人超过了目前膳食脂肪摄入量的建议值；然而，男性缺钙风险较低，女性维生素E和锌缺乏风险较低。由于过量的膳食脂肪和酒精会导致慢性病，营养师应继续向人们宣传营养与健康之间的关系。
