Crofts N, Hopper J L, Milner R, Breschkin A M, Bowden D S, Locarnini S A
Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1994 Dec;10(6):687-94. doi: 10.1007/BF01719282.
To describe the epidemiology of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Australia, in relation to the potential for further spread of HIV in IDUs, a cross-sectional analysis was performed on data from a sample of injecting drug users, correlating markers of exposure to blood-borne viruses with sex, age, sexual orientation, primary current drug injected and duration of injecting in rural and metropolitan Victoria, Australia. The subjects were currently active IDUs from a wide spectrum of age, sex, sexual orientation, geographical location and social background, contacted and recruited through their social networks and from community agencies and prisons by trained peer workers who interviewed and collected blood from them in the field. Sera were tested for antibody to HIV, HCV and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and for HCV RNA using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At entry to the study, 4.5% (14/311) had antibody to HIV, 47% (146/308) to HBcAg and 68% (206/303) to HCV. Prevalence of HBsAg was 1.8% overall (5/282), and 50% (84/168) were positive for HCV RNA. By multivariate analysis, HIV seropositivity was strongly associated with a history of homosexual contact in males and with exposure to HBV but not to HCV. Those who reported their current primary injected drug to be amphetamines were at greater and continuing risk of HIV infection than were current heroin injectors, while the reverse applied for HCV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
为描述澳大利亚注射吸毒者中丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的感染流行病学，以及HIV在注射吸毒者中进一步传播的可能性，对来自澳大利亚维多利亚州农村和城市的注射吸毒者样本数据进行了横断面分析，将血源性病毒暴露标志物与性别、年龄、性取向、当前主要注射毒品及注射持续时间相关联。研究对象为目前仍在吸毒的人员，涵盖广泛的年龄、性别、性取向、地理位置和社会背景，通过其社交网络以及社区机构和监狱，由经过培训的同伴工作者联系并招募，这些同伴工作者在现场对他们进行访谈并采集血液。血清检测了HIV抗体、HCV抗体和乙型肝炎核心抗原（HBcAg）、乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg），并使用逆转录和聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测HCV RNA。在研究开始时，4.5%（14/311）的人有HIV抗体，47%（146/308）有HBcAg抗体，68%（206/303）有HCV抗体。HBsAg总体患病率为1.8%（5/282），50%（84/168）的人HCV RNA呈阳性。多因素分析显示，男性HIV血清阳性与同性恋接触史以及HBV暴露密切相关，但与HCV暴露无关。报告当前主要注射毒品为苯丙胺的人比当前注射海洛因的人面临更大且持续的HIV感染风险，而对于HCV感染情况则相反。（摘要截选至250词）
