Klein E A
Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.
Urol Clin North Am. 1993 Feb;20(1):67-73.
Human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein are well established as serum markers for germ-cell tumors of the testis. Other protein markers of this disease are lactic acid dehydrogenase and placental alkaline phosphatase. There also are cytogenetic or chromosomal markers, particularly i(12p), and molecular markers in the form of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Markers are valuable in diagnosis, staging, predicting tumor behavior, and monitoring therapy and disease recurrence.
人绒毛膜促性腺激素和甲胎蛋白是睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤公认的血清标志物。该疾病的其他蛋白质标志物包括乳酸脱氢酶和胎盘碱性磷酸酶。也存在细胞遗传学或染色体标志物，特别是i(12p)，以及以癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因形式存在的分子标志物。标志物在诊断、分期、预测肿瘤行为以及监测治疗和疾病复发方面具有重要价值。
