Wachsmuth I K, Evins G M, Fields P I, Olsvik O, Popovic T, Bopp C A, Wells J G, Carrillo C, Blake P A
Enteric Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta, GA 30333.
J Infect Dis. 1993 Mar;167(3):621-6. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.3.621.
To explain the sudden appearance and rapid spread of cholera in Latin America in January 1991, molecular techniques were used to define Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from around the world. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rRNA and ctxA genes, DNA sequence of cholera toxin B subunit gene ctxB, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis data were used to characterize 197 isolates. Worldwide, there are at least four distinct toxigenic El Tor V. cholerae O1 clones: the seventh pandemic (Eastern Hemisphere), US Gulf Coast, Australian, and Latin American. Nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 previously isolated in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru are unlike current toxigenic isolates. The Latin American clone probably represents an extension of the seventh pandemic into the Western Hemisphere, while the US Gulf Coast clone most likely evolved separately. These data will be useful in monitoring the spread of cholera, determining the origin of outbreaks in both hemispheres, and implicating specific vehicles of transmission.
为解释1991年1月霍乱在拉丁美洲的突然出现和迅速传播，采用分子技术对来自世界各地的霍乱弧菌O1分离株进行界定。运用核糖体RNA（rRNA）和霍乱毒素A亚基基因（ctxA）的限制性片段长度多态性分析、霍乱毒素B亚基基因（ctxB）的DNA测序以及多位点酶电泳数据对197株分离株进行特征分析。在全球范围内，至少存在四种不同的产毒埃尔托霍乱弧菌O1克隆株：第七次大流行株（东半球）、美国墨西哥湾沿岸株、澳大利亚株和拉丁美洲株。先前在巴西、墨西哥和秘鲁分离出的非产毒霍乱弧菌O1与当前的产毒分离株不同。拉丁美洲克隆株可能代表了第七次大流行株向西半球的扩展，而美国墨西哥湾沿岸克隆株很可能是独立进化而来。这些数据将有助于监测霍乱的传播、确定两个半球疫情的起源以及找出特定的传播媒介。
