Dorr V J, Williamson S K, Stephens R L
Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
Arch Intern Med. 1993 Nov 22;153(22):2529-37.
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Recently, there has been increased interest in the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a screening test for prostate cancer. The PSA test offers the benefit of a reproducible, objective value that is independent of the examiner's skill; however, it does not seem to be effective alone as a screening test for prostate cancer. Additionally, the efficacy of treatment for prostate cancer with radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy remains to be demonstrated. Thus, further studies demonstrating an improved mortality in prostate cancer with PSA screening need to be performed before universal screening with PSA can be recommended. Meanwhile, education of the patient regarding the risks, benefits, and costs of PSA screening and subsequent treatment should be addressed before performing a PSA test.
前列腺癌是男性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。最近，人们对使用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）作为前列腺癌筛查测试的兴趣有所增加。PSA测试具有可重复、客观值的优点，该值独立于检查者的技能；然而，它单独作为前列腺癌筛查测试似乎并不有效。此外，放射治疗或根治性前列腺切除术治疗前列腺癌的疗效仍有待证实。因此，在推荐普遍使用PSA筛查之前，需要进行进一步的研究来证明PSA筛查可提高前列腺癌的死亡率。同时，在进行PSA测试之前，应向患者说明PSA筛查及后续治疗的风险、益处和成本。
