Perkins K A, DiMarco A, Grobe J E, Scierka A, Stiller R L
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 Dec;116(4):407-13. doi: 10.1007/BF02247470.
Discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine were evaluated in humans using formal behavioral drug discrimination procedures. Male and female smokers (n = 9 each) were trained on day 1 to reliably discriminate 0 versus 12 micrograms/kg nicotine administered by measured-dose nasal spray. All subjects were able to reach criterion performance (at least 80% correct). Generalization of responding across nicotine doses of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 micrograms/kg (approximately 0-0.8 mg for typical subject) was then examined on day 2. Nicotine-appropriate responding was linearly related to dose, and subjects were able to distinguish the smallest dose (2 micrograms/kg) from placebo. Although there were no differences between males and females in behavioral discrimination, subjective effects were correlated with nicotine discrimination in females but not in males. These findings indicate that humans are able to discriminate among low doses of nicotine per se, that males and females may differ in the stimuli used to discriminate nicotine, and that drug discrimination procedures may be more sensitive than traditional subjective effects measures in distinguishing among low doses of nicotine.
使用正式的行为药物辨别程序在人类中评估了尼古丁的辨别刺激效应。男性和女性吸烟者（各9名）在第1天接受训练，以可靠地区分通过定量鼻腔喷雾给予的0微克/千克与12微克/千克尼古丁。所有受试者均能达到标准表现（至少80%正确）。然后在第2天检查对0、2、4、8和12微克/千克尼古丁剂量（典型受试者约为0 - 0.8毫克）的反应泛化情况。对尼古丁的适当反应与剂量呈线性关系，并且受试者能够将最小剂量（2微克/千克）与安慰剂区分开来。尽管在行为辨别方面男性和女性之间没有差异，但主观效应在女性中与尼古丁辨别相关，而在男性中则不然。这些发现表明，人类能够区分低剂量的尼古丁本身，男性和女性在用于辨别尼古丁的刺激方面可能存在差异，并且药物辨别程序在区分低剂量尼古丁方面可能比传统的主观效应测量方法更敏感。
