Perkins K A, D'Amico D, Sanders M, Grobe J E, Wilson A, Stiller R L
Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Jul;126(2):132-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02246348.
Non-human research indicates that drug discrimination results may depend largely on the specific training conditions, including initial training dose. It has recently been shown that humans can discriminate among different doses of nicotine delivered by nasal spray. In this study, we examined the influence of training dose on subsequent behavioral discrimination of a range of nicotine doses. Male (n = 17) and female smokers (n = 16) were randomly assigned to "low" (10 micrograms/kg) versus "high" (30 micrograms/kg) nicotine training dose groups and trained reliably to discriminate this dose from placebo (0) on day 1 (> or = 80% correct identification). All but six subjects (four in low, two in high) learned this discrimination and continued on to day 2, in which both groups received 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 micrograms/kg in ascending order (30 min between dosings) and were tested for generalization with their training dose using quantal and quantitative behavioral discrimination tasks. Subjective responses via traditional self-report measures were also assessed. Nicotine-appropriate responding on day 2 was significantly greater in low- versus high-dose groups, especially at 5 micrograms/kg. However, this difference due to training dose was seen more in women than in men. Discrimination behavior was associated with subjective effects of head rush in males, and with head rush and decline in urge to smoke in females. These results show that discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine are not fixed properties of the drug, but can be influenced by training conditions, and that effects associated with this discrimination may differ between men and women.
非人类研究表明，药物辨别结果可能在很大程度上取决于特定的训练条件，包括初始训练剂量。最近有研究表明，人类能够区分通过鼻喷雾剂递送的不同剂量的尼古丁。在本研究中，我们考察了训练剂量对后续一系列尼古丁剂量行为辨别的影响。将17名男性和16名女性吸烟者随机分为“低”（10微克/千克）和“高”（30微克/千克）尼古丁训练剂量组，并在第1天可靠地训练他们将该剂量与安慰剂（0）区分开来（正确识别率≥80%）。除6名受试者（4名低剂量组、2名高剂量组）外，所有受试者均学会了这种辨别并进入第2天，在第2天，两组按升序接受0、5、10、20和30微克/千克（给药间隔30分钟），并使用量子和定量行为辨别任务对其训练剂量进行泛化测试。还通过传统的自我报告测量评估主观反应。在第2天，低剂量组对尼古丁的适当反应明显高于高剂量组，尤其是在5微克/千克时。然而，这种因训练剂量导致的差异在女性中比在男性中更明显。辨别行为在男性中与头晕的主观效应相关，在女性中与头晕和吸烟欲望下降相关。这些结果表明，尼古丁的辨别刺激效应不是药物的固定属性，而是可以受训练条件影响，并且与这种辨别相关的效应在男性和女性之间可能有所不同。
