Guttormsen A B, Nordahl S H, Olofsson J
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1995 Jan;31(1):47-52. doi: 10.1016/0165-5876(94)01073-7.
EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics) cream is an emulsion made from lidocaine and prilocaine. The cream is well known among parents in Scandinavia, and it has become most popular in preventing pain during venipuncture in children. To be fully effective the cream must be applied at least 60 min before the painful stimulus, which is a major drawback in outpatient practice. Could this problem be eliminated by home application of EMLA cream? To answer this we performed a study comprising 228 consecutive patients (1-15 years of age) planned for outpatient surgery. All parents received a letter with detailed information about the procedure and a prescription of EMLA cream. Parents and anaesthesiology nurses answered questionnaires after the operation. Twenty-three children were excluded from the study due to failure in registration or they were called in to fill vacancies. One hundred and eighty out of 205 children had EMLA cream applied. Home application of EMLA cream reduced the waiting time at the ENT outpatient clinic by at least 60 min, and the study showed that home application of EMLA cream is safe, easy to perform and a well-tolerated procedure.
EMLA（局部麻醉药的共熔混合物）乳膏是一种由利多卡因和丙胺卡因制成的乳剂。该乳膏在斯堪的纳维亚半岛的家长中广为人知，并且在预防儿童静脉穿刺疼痛方面最为流行。为了达到完全有效的效果，该乳膏必须在疼痛刺激前至少60分钟涂抹，这在门诊实践中是一个主要缺点。在家中涂抹EMLA乳膏能否消除这个问题呢？为了回答这个问题，我们进行了一项研究，纳入了228例计划进行门诊手术的连续患者（年龄在1至15岁之间）。所有家长都收到了一封包含手术详细信息和EMLA乳膏处方的信件。家长和麻醉科护士在手术后回答了问卷。由于登记失败或被叫来填补空缺，23名儿童被排除在研究之外。205名儿童中有180名涂抹了EMLA乳膏。在家中涂抹EMLA乳膏将耳鼻喉科门诊的等待时间至少缩短了60分钟，并且该研究表明在家中涂抹EMLA乳膏是安全的、易于操作且耐受性良好的程序。
