Kirchgessner M, Eder K, Müller H L
Institut für Ernährungsphysiologie, Technischen Universität München-Weihenstephan.
Z Ernahrungswiss. 1994 Dec;33(4):286-98. doi: 10.1007/BF01614434.
Two experiments with sows were performed to investigate the effect of isoenergetic replacement of starch by fish oil or olive oil on concentrations of lipids in plasma and lipoproteins. The first experiment was based on a cross-over design with three periods, each lasting 16 days. Each sow was fed during one of the periods a basal ration with isoenergetic addition of (1) starch (495 g/d), (2) olive oil (221 g/d), or (3) fish oil (223 g/d) based on energetic requirement for maintainance. The second experiment was based on a cross-over design with eight periods, each lasting 16 days. In the first and in the last periods, each sow was fed the basal ration. In the other six periods, each sow was fed the basal ration with addition of two different amounts of (1) starch (284/568 g/d), (2) olive oil (140/281 g/d), or (3) fish oil (141/282 g/d). The two different amounts of addition were selected to exceed the energetic requirement for maintainance by 25% or 50%. In both experiments blood samples were taken before each change of the ration. In both experiments olive oil elevated the concentration of cholesterol in plasma in comparison with starch. This elevation was due to a large elevation in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and a slight elevation in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The ratio between HDL and LDL cholesterol was increased by feeding olive oil. The effect of olive oil on concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and lipoproteins was dose-dependent. In both experiments none of the two dietary oils significantly changed concentrations of triglycerides in plasma and lipoproteins. Concentrations of phospholipids in plasma, HDL, and LDL were elevated by olive oil. In both experiments addition of fish oil elevated concentration of cholesterol in plasma due to elevated cholesterol concentration in LDL. Concentration of HDL cholesterol was not changed by fish oil. Thus, the ratio between HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was lowered by fish oil. The effect of fish oil on concentration of cholesterol in plasma and lipoproteins was also dose-dependent. Fish oil had no significant effect on phospholipid concentrations in plasma and lipoproteins. In conclusion, in the present experiment olive oil caused antiatherogenic changes of the lipoprotein profile, whereas fish oil caused proatherogenic changes of the lipoprotein profile.
进行了两项以母猪为对象的实验，以研究用鱼油或橄榄油等能量相等的物质替代淀粉对血浆和脂蛋白中脂质浓度的影响。第一个实验基于交叉设计，分为三个阶段，每个阶段持续16天。在其中一个阶段，每头母猪按照维持能量需求，分别饲喂添加了以下物质的基础日粮：(1)淀粉(495克/天)、(2)橄榄油(221克/天)或(3)鱼油(223克/天)。第二个实验基于交叉设计，分为八个阶段，每个阶段持续16天。在第一个和最后一个阶段，每头母猪饲喂基础日粮。在其他六个阶段，每头母猪饲喂添加了两种不同量的以下物质的基础日粮：(1)淀粉(284/568克/天)、(2)橄榄油(140/281克/天)或(3)鱼油(141/282克/天)。选择这两种不同的添加量是为了使摄入量超过维持能量需求的25%或50%。在两个实验中，每次更换日粮前都采集血样。在两个实验中，与淀粉相比，橄榄油均提高了血浆中胆固醇的浓度。这种升高是由于高密度脂蛋白(HDL)大幅升高，低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)略有升高所致。饲喂橄榄油会使HDL与LDL胆固醇的比值升高。橄榄油对血浆和脂蛋白中胆固醇浓度的影响呈剂量依赖性。在两个实验中，两种日粮油均未显著改变血浆和脂蛋白中甘油三酯的浓度。橄榄油使血浆、HDL和LDL中的磷脂浓度升高。在两个实验中，添加鱼油均因LDL中胆固醇浓度升高而使血浆中胆固醇浓度升高。鱼油未改变HDL胆固醇的浓度。因此，鱼油降低了HDL胆固醇与LDL胆固醇的比值。鱼油对血浆和脂蛋白中胆固醇浓度的影响也呈剂量依赖性。鱼油对血浆和脂蛋白中磷脂浓度无显著影响。总之，在本实验中，橄榄油引起了脂蛋白谱的抗动脉粥样硬化变化，而鱼油引起了脂蛋白谱的促动脉粥样硬化变化。
