Hirshman E
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-3270, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 Mar;21(2):302-13. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.21.2.302.
This article focuses on decision processes in recognition memory. It begins with investigation of the hypothesis that the measured criterion increases systematically with the memorability of old items. Three experiments using the list-strength paradigm, and a review of the prior literature, present results consistent with this hypothesis. Several psychological models of criterion placement are examined, generating different predictions about the relative sizes of criterion shifts for strong and weak items. A range model, in which criterion placement depends on the estimated range of the old and new distributions, predicts that criterion shifts should be larger for weak items; this result emerges in a reanalysis of prior studies. The general discussion elaborates on how a focus on criterion placement can explain the mirror effect (Glanzer, Adams, Iverson, & Kim, 1993) and provides a framework for testing Shiffrin, Ratcliff, and Clark's (1990) claims about why null effects of list strength occur with repetition.
本文聚焦于识别记忆中的决策过程。文章开篇对一个假设展开研究，即所测量的标准会随着旧项目的可记忆性而系统性地增加。运用列表强度范式进行的三项实验以及对先前文献的综述，呈现出与该假设相符的结果。文中考察了几种关于标准设定的心理学模型，这些模型对强弱项目标准变化的相对大小产生了不同的预测。一种范围模型，其中标准设定取决于新旧分布的估计范围，预测弱项目的标准变化应该更大；这一结果在对先前研究的重新分析中得以显现。一般性讨论详细阐述了关注标准设定如何能够解释镜像效应（格兰泽、亚当斯、艾弗森和金，1993），并为检验希夫林、拉特克利夫和克拉克（1990）关于列表强度重复时零效应产生原因的论断提供了一个框架。
