Johnson M, Webb C
University of Huddersfield, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1995 Mar;21(3):466-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1995.tb02729.x.
Nurses have known about unpopular patients for over two decades. Influential studies such as Stockwell's in the UK have had considerable impact upon students of nursing. Stockwell's book, The Unpopular Patient, is widely cited and was reprinted in 1984. Further, a critical review of the wider literature by Kelly & May threw down a challenge to researchers to investigate the phenomenon using an interactionist perspective and ethnographic methods. This paper reports a study which should begin to reinforce doubt that evaluative labels, unpopular or otherwise, are in any way 'predictable', as Stockwell and a host of others have hoped and assumed. The process through which evaluative labels of people are socially constructed is explored and the context, explanations and some consequences of what we call social judgement are discussed.
二十多年来，护士们一直都了解那些不受欢迎的患者。诸如英国斯托克韦尔的研究等有影响力的研究，对护理学专业的学生产生了相当大的影响。斯托克韦尔的著作《不受欢迎的患者》被广泛引用，并于1984年再版。此外，凯利和梅对更广泛文献的批判性综述向研究人员提出了一项挑战，要求他们从互动主义视角和人种志方法来研究这一现象。本文报告了一项研究，该研究应开始强化人们的怀疑，即像斯托克韦尔以及其他许多人所希望和假定的那样，评价性标签（无论是否不受欢迎）在任何方面都是“可预测的”。本文探讨了人们的评价性标签是如何在社会中构建的过程，并讨论了我们所谓社会判断的背景、解释及其一些后果。
