Stoewsand G S
Department of Food Science and Technology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva 14456, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1995 Jun;33(6):537-43. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00017-v.
Sulfur-containing phytochemicals of two different kinds are present in all Brassica oleracea (Cruciferae) vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, etc.). They are glucosinolates (previously called thioglucosides) and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide. These compounds, which are derived in plant tissue by amino acid biosynthesis, show quite different toxicological effects and appear to possess anticarcinogenic properties. Glucosinolates have been extensively studied since the mid-nineteenth century. They are present in plant foods besides Brassica vegetables with especially high levels in a number of seed meals fed to livestock. About 100 different kinds of glucosinolates are known to exist in the plant kingdom, but only about 10 are present in Brassica. The first toxic effects of isothiocyanates and other hydrolytic products from glucosinolates that were identified were goitre and a general inhibition of iodine uptake by the thyroid. Numerous studies have indicated that the hydrolytic products of at least three glucosinolates, 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl (glucoraphanin), 2-phenylethyl (gluconasturtiin) and 3-indolylmethyl (glucobrassicin), have anticarcinogenic activity. Indole-3-carbinol, a metabolite of glucobrassicin, has shown inhibitory effects in studies of human breast and ovarian cancers. Kale poisoning, or a severe haemolytic anaemia, was discovered in cattle in Europe in the 1930s, but its link with the hydrolytic product of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide was only shown about 35 years later. S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide and its metabolite methyl methane thiosulfinate were shown to inhibit chemically-induced genotoxicity in mice. Thus, the cancer chemopreventive effects of Brassica vegetables that have been shown in human and animal studies may be due to the presence of both types of sulfur-containing phytochemicals (i.e. certain glucosinolates and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide).
所有十字花科芸薹属蔬菜（卷心菜、西兰花等）都含有两种不同的含硫植物化学物质。它们是硫代葡萄糖苷（以前称为硫代葡糖苷）和S-甲基半胱氨酸亚砜。这些通过氨基酸生物合成在植物组织中产生的化合物，表现出截然不同的毒理学效应，并且似乎具有抗癌特性。自19世纪中叶以来，硫代葡萄糖苷就受到了广泛研究。它们存在于除芸薹属蔬菜之外的植物性食物中，在一些喂给牲畜的籽粕中含量尤其高。已知植物界存在约100种不同类型的硫代葡萄糖苷，但芸薹属中仅存在约10种。硫代葡萄糖苷的异硫氰酸酯和其他水解产物最初被确定的毒性作用是甲状腺肿以及甲状腺对碘摄取的普遍抑制。大量研究表明，至少三种硫代葡萄糖苷的水解产物，即4-甲基亚磺酰基丁基（萝卜硫苷）、2-苯乙基（葡糖芥苷）和3-吲哚甲基（吲哚-3-甲醇），具有抗癌活性。吲哚-3-甲醇是吲哚-3-甲醇的一种代谢产物，在对人类乳腺癌和卵巢癌的研究中显示出抑制作用。20世纪30年代在欧洲的牛群中发现了羽衣甘蓝中毒，即严重的溶血性贫血，但直到约35年后才表明它与S-甲基半胱氨酸亚砜的水解产物有关。S-甲基半胱氨酸亚砜及其代谢产物甲硫代甲烷亚磺酸盐被证明可抑制小鼠体内化学诱导的基因毒性。因此，在人类和动物研究中显示的芸薹属蔬菜的癌症化学预防作用可能归因于这两种含硫植物化学物质（即某些硫代葡萄糖苷和S-甲基半胱氨酸亚砜）的存在。
