Buchner H H, Savelberg H H, Schamhardt H C, Merkens H W, Barneveld A
Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Vet Q. 1994 May;16 Suppl 2:S87-90. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1994.9694509.
A kinematic analysis was carried out to compare treadmill and overground locomotion in horses at the trot. Stride variables and limb and trunk movements of 10 Dutch Warmblood horses were measured using the CODA-3 gait analysis system. Overground recordings were made on a rubber ground surface and on an asphalt track. Treadmill recordings were taken after a controlled habituation programme and at the same velocities as measured overground. On asphalt, a shorthened stride duration and a decreased vertical displacement of the withers were found compared with those on rubber ground. On the treadmill, stance duration of the forelimbs was longer than for either overground condition. Correspondingly, the hind limbs were placed earlier than the forelimbs in making diagonal ground contact in overground locomotion, but this changed to preceding forelimbs on the treadmill. Both forelimbs and hind limbs were moved more caudally during the retraction phase on the treadmill, while no differences were found in the protraction angle. The vertical movement of the hooves as well as the withers was smaller on the treadmill than on rubber ground. Treadmill belt velocity decreased by 9% during the stance phase. This is supposed to be an important reason for the differences in biomechanics and kinematics between treadmill and overground locomotion, which must be kept in mind when data obtained during treadmill locomotion have to be extrapolated to overground conditions.
进行了一项运动学分析，以比较马在小跑时跑步机运动和地面运动的情况。使用CODA - 3步态分析系统测量了10匹荷兰温血马的步幅变量以及四肢和躯干的运动。在橡胶地面和柏油跑道上进行了地面记录。在经过受控的适应程序后，以与地面测量相同的速度在跑步机上进行记录。与橡胶地面相比，在柏油路面上发现步幅持续时间缩短，肩胛的垂直位移减小。在跑步机上，前肢的站立时间比在任何一种地面条件下都长。相应地，在地面运动中后肢在进行对角地面接触时比前肢更早着地，但在跑步机上则变为后肢先于前肢。在跑步机上，在收回阶段四肢都向更尾侧移动，而在伸展角度上未发现差异。跑步机上蹄子和肩胛的垂直运动比橡胶地面上小。在站立阶段跑步机皮带速度下降了9%。这被认为是跑步机运动和地面运动在生物力学和运动学上存在差异的一个重要原因，在必须将跑步机运动期间获得的数据外推到地面条件时必须牢记这一点。
