Feingold A
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519.
Psychol Bull. 1994 Nov;116(3):429-56. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.429.
Four meta-analyses were conducted to examine gender differences in personality in the literature (1958-1992) and in normative data for well-known personality inventories (1940-1992). Males were found to be more assertive and had slightly higher self-esteem than females. Females were higher than males in extraversion, anxiety, trust, and, especially, tender-mindedness (e.g., nurturance). There were no noteworthy sex differences in social anxiety, impulsiveness, activity, ideas (e.g., reflectiveness), locus of control, and orderliness. Gender differences in personality traits were generally constant across ages, years of data collection, educational levels, and nations.
进行了四项荟萃分析，以研究文献（1958 - 1992年）以及知名人格量表的常模数据（1940 - 1992年）中的人格性别差异。结果发现，男性比女性更具 assertiveness 且自尊心略高。女性在外向性、焦虑、信任，尤其是 tender-mindedness（如 nurturance）方面高于男性。在社交焦虑、冲动性、活跃度、观念（如 reflectiveness）、控制点和条理性方面，没有显著的性别差异。人格特质的性别差异在年龄、数据收集年份、教育水平和不同国家中总体上是恒定的。 （注：assertiveness、tender-mindedness、nurturance、reflectiveness 等词可能在心理学领域有特定专业含义，这里直接保留英文以便准确传达原文信息）
