Sluming V A, Scutt N D
Department of Diagnostic Radiography, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool, England.
Sports Med. 1994 Oct;18(4):281-91. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199418040-00006.
The function of the spine in humans is support of the body in an upright position, whilst defying gravity, conserving energy and permitting purposeful movement. Low back pain may either be caused by or result in postural disorders. It is an important cause of lost workdays in the industrialised world, with accompanying social and economic implications, and is a common and disabling problem in many sports. Increased awareness of the potential benefits of exercise, together with a change in attitudes in professional sport (placing greater pressure upon individuals to achieve more spectacular results), have resulted in increased pressure on medical services. This article reviews the examination protocols and clinical applications of the diagnostic imaging modalities available for the evaluation and diagnosis of postural disorders related to low back pain. Conventional radiography continues to be of value in demonstrating skeletal relationships and quantifying spinal kinematics. Computed tomography (CT) is widely available and highly accurate in the evaluation of disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates discs and the spinal cord with superb morphological accuracy, is painless and noninvasive, and has no known adverse effects or morbidity. It is the most accurate and sensitive modality for diagnosis of subtle occult changes in low back pains in patients where early preventative measures can be adopted to avoid further damage.
人类脊柱的功能是在直立姿势下支撑身体，同时对抗重力、保存能量并允许进行有目的的运动。下背痛可能由姿势紊乱引起，也可能导致姿势紊乱。在工业化国家，它是导致工作日损失的一个重要原因，伴有社会和经济影响，并且在许多体育运动中是一个常见且使人致残的问题。人们对运动潜在益处的认识不断提高，再加上职业体育态度的转变（给个人施加更大压力以取得更惊人的成绩），导致对医疗服务的压力增加。本文综述了可用于评估和诊断与下背痛相关的姿势紊乱的诊断成像模态的检查方案和临床应用。传统放射摄影在显示骨骼关系和量化脊柱运动学方面仍然具有价值。计算机断层扫描（CT）广泛可用，在评估椎间盘突出和椎管狭窄方面高度准确。磁共振成像（MRI）能以极高的形态学准确性显示椎间盘和脊髓，无痛且无创，并且没有已知的不良反应或发病率。对于那些可以采取早期预防措施以避免进一步损伤的下背痛患者，它是诊断细微隐匿变化最准确、最敏感的模态。
