Janssen D B, Pries F, van der Ploeg J R
Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:163-91. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.001115.
Microorganisms that can utilize halogenated compounds as a growth substrate generally produce-enzymes whose function is carbon-halogen bond cleavage. Based on substrate range, reaction type and gene sequences, the dehalogenating enzymes can be classified in different groups, including hydrolytic dehalogenases, glutathione transferases, monooxygenases and hydratases. X-ray crystallographic and biochemical studies have provided detailed mechanistic insight into the action of haloalkane dehalogenase. The essential features are nucleophilic substitution of the halogen by a carboxylate group and the presence of a distinct halogen binding site, formed by tryptophan residues. This review summaries current knowledge on a variety of other dehalogenating enzymes and indicates the existence of a widespread and diverse microbial potential for dechlorination of natural and xenobiotic halogenated compounds.
能够利用卤代化合物作为生长底物的微生物通常会产生一些酶，其功能是裂解碳-卤键。根据底物范围、反应类型和基因序列，脱卤酶可分为不同类别，包括水解脱卤酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶、单加氧酶和水合酶。X射线晶体学和生化研究为卤代烷脱卤酶的作用提供了详细的作用机制见解。其基本特征是羧酸盐基团对卤素的亲核取代以及由色氨酸残基形成的独特卤素结合位点的存在。本综述总结了目前关于各种其他脱卤酶的知识，并指出存在广泛且多样的微生物对天然和外源卤代化合物进行脱氯的潜力。
