Blanchard A, Montagnier L
Department of AIDS and Retroviruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:687-712. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.003351.
Previously, we hypothesized that mycoplasmas could act as cofactors accelerating the progression of HIV disease. In the present paper, we review the current knowledge on three mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma fermentans, M. penetrans, and M. pirum) that have been implicated as these putative cofactors. All three mycoplasmas have been isolated from patients with HIV infection, and serological studies have suggested that the presence of M. penetrans could be associated with HIV infection. These mycoplasmas share the capacity to hydrolyze arginine and ferment glucose as well as to attach to and invade eukaryotic cells. The possible mechanisms that could allow mycoplasmas to influence HIV pathogenesis, specifically through the activation of the immune system or the production of superantigen or by contributing to the oxidative stress observed in HIV-infected subjects, are discussed. These studies have offered and will continue to offer major contributions to a better understanding of mycoplasmal flora in humans and have begun to unveil some of the mechanisms of virulence of these organisms.
此前，我们曾推测支原体可能作为辅助因子加速HIV疾病的进展。在本文中，我们综述了目前关于三种被认为是这些假定辅助因子的支原体（发酵支原体、穿透支原体和梨支原体）的知识。这三种支原体均从HIV感染患者中分离得到，血清学研究表明穿透支原体的存在可能与HIV感染有关。这些支原体都具有水解精氨酸、发酵葡萄糖以及附着并侵入真核细胞的能力。本文讨论了支原体可能影响HIV发病机制的潜在机制，特别是通过激活免疫系统、产生超抗原或导致HIV感染患者出现氧化应激来实现。这些研究已经为更好地理解人类支原体菌群做出了重大贡献，并将继续做出贡献，同时也开始揭示这些微生物的一些致病机制。
