Nelson D E, Giovino G A, Shopland D R, Mowery P D, Mills S L, Eriksen M P
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.
Am J Public Health. 1995 Jan;85(1):34-40. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.1.34.
The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence.
We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current smoking prevalence data among persons aged 12 through 19 years from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and National Health Interview Surveys.
Overall smoking prevalence declined much more rapidly from 1974 through 1980 (1.9 percentage points annually among younger adolescents; the range among surveys of older adolescents was 0.2 to 2.0 percentage points annually) than from 1985 through 1991 (0 to 0.5 percentage points annually among all adolescents). Since 1980, smoking has generally declined at a slightly faster rate among older female adolescents than among male adolescents. Smoking among Black adolescents of all ages declined in nearly every survey population during each study period (range among surveys: 1974-1985 = 1.0 to 2.9 percentage points; 1985-1991 = 0.7 to 1.5 percentage points annually); for White adolescents, only minimal declines in smoking have occurred since 1985.
Since 1974, major changes in adolescent smoking patterns have occurred, especially among Blacks. The overall slowing rate of decline in smoking prevalence since 1985 may indicate success of increased tobacco advertising and promotional activities targeted at adolescents or inadequate antitobacco education efforts.
本研究旨在确定青少年吸烟率的全国趋势。
我们基于1974年至1991年全国药物滥用家庭调查、高中高年级学生调查和国民健康访谈调查中12至19岁人群的当前吸烟率数据进行了趋势分析。
从1974年到1980年，总体吸烟率下降得更快（年轻青少年每年下降1.9个百分点；年龄较大青少年的调查中每年下降幅度为0.2至2.0个百分点），而从1985年到1991年下降较慢（所有青少年每年下降0至0.5个百分点）。自1980年以来，年龄较大的女性青少年吸烟率下降速度总体上略快于男性青少年。在每个研究期间，几乎每个调查人群中各年龄段黑人青少年的吸烟率都有所下降（调查中的下降幅度：1974 - 1985年为1.0至2.9个百分点；1985 - 1991年为每年0.7至1.5个百分点）；对于白人青少年，自1985年以来吸烟率仅略有下降。
自1974年以来，青少年吸烟模式发生了重大变化，尤其是在黑人青少年中。自1985年以来吸烟率下降速度总体放缓，这可能表明针对青少年的烟草广告和促销活动增加取得了成效，或者是反烟草教育工作力度不足。
