Endo T, Ohbayashi S, Yumikura S, Sekiguchi C
Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994 Oct;65(10 Pt 1):916-9.
This paper presents the results of the first application of a structured NASA psychiatric interview for Japanese astronaut selection. We undertook a semi-structured, diagnostic, clinical psychiatric interview with 45 Japanese astronaut applicants for the position of mission specialist-astronaut, and performed "select-out" psychiatric evaluations according to DSM-III-R psychiatric diagnostic criteria. Two applicants (4.4%) who met Axis I or Axis II disorder criteria in DSM-III-R were evaluated as "Disqualified." There were 13 applicants "Qualified with Reservation"; the majority of their diagnoses were "hypomania." Those applicants "Qualified with Reservation" and "Disqualified" were not finally selected to be astronauts. This structured interview was not only useful for "select-out" psychiatric screening of Japanese astronauts, but also made clear the Japanese characteristics of this selection procedure.
本文介绍了美国国家航空航天局（NASA）结构化精神病学访谈首次应用于日本宇航员选拔的结果。我们对45名申请任务专家宇航员职位的日本宇航员申请人进行了半结构化、诊断性临床精神病学访谈，并根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订版（DSM-III-R）的精神病学诊断标准进行了“淘汰”精神病学评估。两名符合DSM-III-R中轴I或轴II障碍标准的申请人（4.4%）被评估为“不合格”。有13名申请人“有保留地合格”；他们的诊断大多为“轻躁狂”。那些“有保留地合格”和“不合格”的申请人最终没有被选为宇航员。这种结构化访谈不仅有助于对日本宇航员进行“淘汰”精神病学筛查，还明确了这一选拔程序的日本特色。
