Yehuda S, Carasso R L
Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):10345-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.21.10345.
Ingested polyunsaturated fatty acids are postulated to lead to changes in central nervous system activity, presumably by altering the lipid composition of neuronal membranes. In support of this hypothesis, we and other investigators have previously demonstrated cognitive effects in rats fed oils that contain both alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3) and linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6), with the relative content of alpha-linolenic acid being seen as the critical variable. The present study in rats examined the effects of preparations containing different ratios of highly purified free alpha-linolenic acid to linoleic acid (about 25 mg/kg of body weight daily) on learning performance (Morris water tank), pain thresholds (heated plate), and thermoregulatory control of d-amphetamine-induced hypothermia during 4 weeks of treatment. Preparations with omega 3-to-omega 6 ratios ranging from 1:3.5 to 1:5 (specifically a ratio of 1:4) produced significant favorable effects on all of these variables. Although the specific mode of action remains to be elucidated, these results suggest that such preparations of free fatty acids should be evaluated in the treatment of memory disorders and pain conditions.
据推测，摄入的多不饱和脂肪酸会导致中枢神经系统活动发生变化，可能是通过改变神经元膜的脂质组成来实现的。为支持这一假说，我们和其他研究人员此前已证明，给大鼠喂食含有α-亚麻酸（18:3 ω-3）和亚油酸（18:2 ω-6）的油会对其认知产生影响，其中α-亚麻酸的相对含量被视为关键变量。本大鼠研究考察了含有不同比例高纯度游离α-亚麻酸与亚油酸（每日约25毫克/千克体重）的制剂在4周治疗期间对学习能力（莫里斯水迷宫）、痛阈（热板法）以及对右旋苯丙胺诱导的体温过低的体温调节控制的影响。ω-3与ω-6比例在1:3.5至1:5之间（具体为1:4的比例）的制剂对所有这些变量均产生了显著的有利影响。尽管具体作用方式仍有待阐明，但这些结果表明，此类游离脂肪酸制剂应在记忆障碍和疼痛病症的治疗中进行评估。
