环境因素对欧洲野牛（Bison bonasus (L.)）深层体温和体表温度的影响。

Influence of environmental factors on the deep and skin temperature in the European bison, Bison bonasus (L.).

Gill J

Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Poland.

Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol. 1993 Dec;106(4):653-61. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90376-f.

Abstract

In 43 European bison divided into three groups (Group A, 3-8-month-old calves; Group B, 18-month-7-year-old young bison; Group C, 12-24-year-old bison) the rectal, humerus region and abdomen region temperatures were measured. 2. The experiments were carried out in winter months, from mid-December to mid-March. 3. The mean rectal temperatures changed from 38.55 degrees C in calves to 38.15 degrees C in the oldest bison. 4. The mean temperatures of the humerus region changed from 20.69 degrees C in calves to 21.49 degrees C in older bison. 5. The mean temperatures of the abdomen region changed from 20.79 degrees C in calves to 22.17 degrees C in older bison (Gr. B). 6. The cluster analysis divided the bison into four groups named hot, warm, cool and cold bison. 7. Only air temperature measured 2 m above the ground and snow cover influenced the integrated bison temperature. Age, sex and mass as well as some environmental factors had no influence. 8. Measurements made 1 to nearly 4 hr after a bison's death showed a drop in rectal temperature and mostly increases in temperatures of the humerus and abdomen regions.

摘要

在43头欧洲野牛中，它们被分为三组（A组，3至8个月大的小牛；B组，18个月至7岁的年轻野牛；C组，12至24岁的野牛），测量了它们直肠、肱骨区域和腹部区域的温度。2. 实验在冬季进行，从12月中旬到3月中旬。3. 直肠平均温度从犊牛的38.55摄氏度变化到最年长野牛的38.15摄氏度。4. 肱骨区域的平均温度从犊牛的20.69摄氏度变化到年长野牛的21.49摄氏度。5. 腹部区域的平均温度从犊牛的20.79摄氏度变化到年长野牛（B组）的22.17摄氏度。6. 聚类分析将野牛分为四组，分别命名为热、暖、凉和冷野牛。7. 仅地面上方2米处测量的气温和积雪覆盖影响野牛的综合体温。年龄、性别和体重以及一些环境因素没有影响。8. 在野牛死亡后1至近4小时进行的测量显示直肠温度下降，肱骨和腹部区域的温度大多上升。