Dewhurst S A, Conway M A
Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1994 Sep;20(5):1088-98. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.20.5.1088.
Five experiments investigated the influence of picture processing on recollective experience in recognition memory. Subjects studied items that differed in visual or imaginal detail, such as pictures versus words and high-imageability versus low-imageability words, and performed orienting tasks that directed processing either toward a stimulus as a word or toward a stimulus as a picture or image. Standard effects of imageability (e.g., the picture superiority effect and memory advantages following imagery) were obtained only in recognition judgments that featured recollective experience and were eliminated or reversed when recognition was not accompanied by recollective experience. It is proposed that conscious recollective experience in recognition memory is cued by attributes of retrieved memories such as sensory-perceptual attributes and records of cognitive operations performed at encoding.
五项实验研究了图片加工对识别记忆中回忆体验的影响。受试者学习在视觉或想象细节上存在差异的项目，如图像与文字、高意象性与低意象性文字，并执行定向任务，这些任务将加工导向作为文字的刺激或作为图片或图像的刺激。意象性的标准效应（如图片优势效应以及意象之后的记忆优势）仅在具有回忆体验的识别判断中获得，而当识别没有伴随回忆体验时，这些效应会被消除或逆转。研究表明，识别记忆中的有意识回忆体验是由检索到的记忆的属性所提示的，如感官知觉属性以及编码时执行的认知操作记录。
