Bosco C, Cotelli F, Bonomi R, Mognoni P, Roi G S
University of Rome Tor Vegata, Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione, Italy.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1994;69(1):71-4. doi: 10.1007/BF00867930.
The effects of heavy resistance training and jumping exercise were examined during the 1989-1990 season in 12 international level alpine skiers. The athletes were tested before, during, immediately after training and during the period off training (June, July, October 1989, April 1990). Their mechanical behaviour was investigated using firstly squat jumps performed without (SJ) or with low extra loads (20 kg, SJ20kg) and high extra loads (equivalent to body mass on the shoulders, SJbm) and secondly 15-30 s continuous jumping. These tests allowed the assessment of explosive dynamic strength production (SJ and SJ20kg), slow dynamic strength (SJbm) and maximal mechanical power (continuous jumping). The training adopted resulted in specific changes in neuromuscular performance; in fact all the variables studied showed a significant improvement (P < 0.01) from the beginning compared to the end of training. The range of improvement was between 55.4% (SJbm) and 12.5% (average power during 15-s continuous jumping). The enhancement of SJ had become significant by July. Surprisingly, even when no strength or jumping training was performed during the competition period (November-April), no deterioration in the neuromuscular performance was observed, there being no significant difference between the test values obtained in October 1989 and April 1990. It was concluded that the demanding competition programme of alpine skiers may provide a training stimulus adequate to maintain the neuromuscular improvement induced by training throughout the competition season.
1989 - 1990赛季，对12名国际水平的高山滑雪运动员进行了大强度抗阻训练和跳跃训练效果的研究。在训练前、训练期间、训练结束后即刻以及训练间歇期（1989年6月、7月、10月，1990年4月）对运动员进行了测试。首先通过无额外负荷（SJ）、低额外负荷（20千克，SJ20kg）和高额外负荷（相当于肩扛体重，SJbm）的深蹲跳，以及其次15 - 30秒的连续跳跃来研究他们的力学行为。这些测试能够评估爆发力产生（SJ和SJ20kg）、慢动力力量（SJbm）和最大功率（连续跳跃）。所采用的训练导致了神经肌肉性能的特定变化；事实上，与训练开始时相比，所有研究变量在训练结束时都有显著改善（P < 0.01）。改善幅度在55.4%（SJbm）至12.5%（15秒连续跳跃期间的平均功率）之间。到7月时，SJ的增强已变得显著。令人惊讶的是，即使在比赛期间（11月至4月）没有进行力量或跳跃训练，也未观察到神经肌肉性能的下降，1989年10月和1990年4月获得的测试值之间没有显著差异。得出的结论是，高山滑雪运动员严苛的比赛计划可能提供了足够的训练刺激，以在整个比赛赛季维持训练所诱导的神经肌肉改善。
