Spinillo A, Capuzzo E, Piazzi G, Nicola S, Colonna L, Iasci A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Italy.
Early Hum Dev. 1994 Jul;38(1):35-43. doi: 10.1016/0378-3782(94)90048-5.
The relationship between maternal risk factors and severity of fetal growth deficit was evaluated in a population of 613 small for gestational age (SGA) infants and 784 appropriately grown controls. The severity of growth deficit among SGA infants was expressed as 'fetal growth ratio' (observed/expected birthweight, where expected birthweight is the mean birthweight of the Italian population for a given gestational age). In multivariate models, preeclampsia was the only maternal high-risk factor positively correlated with a more severe growth deficit among SGA infants. Chronic cardiac or renal maternal diseases and female fetal sex were associated with mild forms of SGA, thus showing an inverse relationship with severity of growth deficit. Finally, the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy, low (< 0.2 kg/week) maternal weight gain, low (< 50 kg) pre-pregnancy weight, severe (Hb, < 8 g/dl) maternal anaemia, low education (< 6th grade), history of a previous low birthweight infant or recurrent spontaneous abortion, nulliparity and SGA was homogeneous across the severity strata of fetal growth deficit.
在613名小于胎龄（SGA）婴儿和784名发育正常的对照人群中，评估了母亲风险因素与胎儿生长发育迟缓严重程度之间的关系。SGA婴儿生长发育迟缓的严重程度用“胎儿生长比”表示（观察到的出生体重/预期出生体重，其中预期出生体重是意大利特定孕周人群的平均出生体重）。在多变量模型中，子痫前期是唯一与SGA婴儿更严重生长发育迟缓呈正相关的母亲高危因素。母亲慢性心脏或肾脏疾病以及胎儿为女性与轻度SGA相关，因此与生长发育迟缓严重程度呈负相关。最后，孕期母亲吸烟、母亲体重增加低（<0.2 kg/周）、孕前体重低（<50 kg）、母亲严重贫血（血红蛋白<8 g/dl）、教育程度低（<六年级）、既往有低出生体重婴儿史或反复自然流产、初产与SGA之间的关联在胎儿生长发育迟缓严重程度分层中是一致的。
