Pomerleau C S, Teuscher F, Goeters S, Pomerleau O F
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor 48108.
Addict Behav. 1994 Jul-Aug;19(4):357-62. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90058-2.
Both menstrual phase and nicotine have been shown to affect task performance. Though conflicting results have been reported, at least one well-controlled study has demonstrated that women at midluteal phase show superior performance on speech articulation and speeded motor coordination tests, but poorer performance on perceptual-spatial tests, than during menses. Smokers have demonstrated superior performance on numerous tasks following nicotine than following placebo. To explore the separate and combined influence of these factors, we studied 13 regularly-menstruating smokers using a two (smoking vs. 12 hours' abstinence) by two (menstrual vs. midluteal phase) factorial design. During each session, subjects completed a test battery including two speeded motor coordination tasks, a computerized reaction time test, and the Stroop (1935) color/word test. Subjects completed the Stroop color and color-word tasks significantly faster after ad lib smoking than after overnight abstinence. No other significant differences emerged. Our findings replicate, in an all-female sample, previous reports that speed of cognitive processing is reduced by nicotine abstinence (or enhanced by nicotine administration). Our failure to observe menstrual cycle effects raises the possibility that the anti-estrogenic effects of smoking may attenuate phase differences in performance.
月经周期和尼古丁都已被证明会影响任务表现。尽管有相互矛盾的研究结果报道，但至少有一项严格控制的研究表明，与月经期相比，处于黄体中期的女性在言语清晰度和快速运动协调测试中表现更优，但在感知空间测试中表现较差。吸烟者在摄入尼古丁后在多项任务上的表现优于服用安慰剂后。为了探究这些因素各自及共同的影响，我们采用两因素（吸烟与戒烟12小时）×两因素（月经期与黄体中期）析因设计，对13名有规律月经周期的吸烟者进行了研究。在每个实验环节，受试者完成一组测试，包括两项快速运动协调任务、一项计算机化反应时间测试以及Stroop（1935）颜色/文字测试。受试者在随意吸烟后完成Stroop颜色和颜色-文字任务的速度明显快于过夜戒烟后。未出现其他显著差异。我们的研究结果在全女性样本中重复了之前的报道，即戒烟会降低认知处理速度（或摄入尼古丁会提高认知处理速度）。我们未能观察到月经周期效应，这增加了吸烟的抗雌激素作用可能会减弱表现上的阶段差异的可能性。
