Hoffman-Goetz L, Husted J
Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario.
Can J Appl Physiol. 1994 Sep;19(3):237-52. doi: 10.1139/h94-020.
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer and cancer mortality among Canadian women. Based on the current incidence rates, the National Cancer Institute of Canada has estimated that one in 10 women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime. In an effort to control this disease, various prevention strategies have been proposed. One promising strategy involves the promotion of exercise in healthy women. It has been hypothesized that exercise may protect against breast cancer by influencing regularity of ovulatory cycles, by changing body fat composition, or by enhancing natural immunity. In this paper both the epidemiological and experimental evidence that speaks to a protective effect of exercise is reviewed. Although there are several biologically plausible mechanisms for the association, the existing epidemiological and experimental data are inconclusive due to the small number of studies and their methodological insufficiencies. However, given the enormous potential benefit of even a small protective effect of exercise, further studies designed to address the relationship between exercise and breast cancer risk are warranted.
乳腺癌是加拿大女性癌症及癌症死亡的主要原因之一。根据目前的发病率，加拿大国家癌症研究所估计，每10名女性中就有1人在其一生中会患上乳腺癌。为了控制这种疾病，人们提出了各种预防策略。一种有前景的策略是促进健康女性进行锻炼。据推测，运动可能通过影响排卵周期的规律性、改变身体脂肪组成或增强自然免疫力来预防乳腺癌。本文综述了支持运动具有保护作用的流行病学和实验证据。尽管这种关联有几种生物学上合理的机制，但由于研究数量少且方法存在不足，现有的流行病学和实验数据尚无定论。然而，鉴于即使运动有微小的保护作用也可能带来巨大益处，有必要开展进一步研究以探讨运动与乳腺癌风险之间的关系。
