Wang Q, Klein B E, Klein R, Moss S E
University of Wisconsin Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994 Dec;35(13):4344-7.
To describe the prevalence of refractive errors in a population of adult Americans.
From 1988 to 1990, 4926 adults who were 43 to 84 years of age and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin at the time of the 1987-1988 census were examined. Refractions were performed according to a modification of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol. Included in this study were 4533 people who had not undergone cataract surgery and who had a best corrected visual acuity better than 20/40 in at least one eye. Myopia was defined as a refractive error less than -0.50 diopters; hyperopia was defined as a refractive error greater than +0.50 diopters.
Hyperopia was more frequent than myopia in the study group (age-adjusted of 49.0% and 26.2% in right eyes, respectively, P = 0.0001). The prevalence of hyperopia in the right eye increased with increasing age from 22.1% in those 43 to 54 years of age to 68.5% in those 75 years of age or older. The prevalence of myopia in the right eye decreased from 43.0% in those 43 to 54 years of age to 14.4% in those 75 years of age or older. There was significant relationship between education level and refractive error (age adjusted r = -0.32, P = 0.0001). Neither household income nor occupation was associated with refractive error in our data.
These cross-sectional data indicate age-related differences in refractive status in an adult population and suggest that education is associated with myopia independent of age.
描述美国成年人群中屈光不正的患病率。
1988年至1990年，对4926名年龄在43至84岁之间、在1987 - 1988年人口普查时居住在威斯康星州比弗迪尔的成年人进行了检查。屈光检查按照糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究方案的修改版进行。本研究纳入了4533名未接受白内障手术且至少一只眼睛最佳矫正视力优于20/40的人。近视定义为屈光不正小于-0.50屈光度；远视定义为屈光不正大于+0.50屈光度。
研究组中远视比近视更常见（右眼年龄调整患病率分别为49.0%和26.2%，P = 0.0001）。右眼远视患病率随年龄增长而增加，从43至54岁人群中的22.1%增至75岁及以上人群中的68.5%。右眼近视患病率从43至54岁人群中的43.0%降至75岁及以上人群中的14.4%。教育水平与屈光不正之间存在显著关系（年龄调整r = -0.32，P = 0.0001）。在我们的数据中，家庭收入和职业均与屈光不正无关。
这些横断面数据表明成年人群中屈光状态存在与年龄相关的差异，并提示教育与近视相关，且独立于年龄因素。
