Linhart S B, Blom F S, Engeman R M, Hill H L, Hon T, Hall D I, Shaddock J H
Denver Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Colorado 80225.
J Wildl Dis. 1994 Apr;30(2):185-94. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-30.2.185.
Eight field trials were conducted in 1989 and 1990 in Georgia (USA) and Maryland (USA) to evaluate baits and baiting strategies for delivering oral rabies vaccines to raccoons (Procyon lotor). Bait packets consisting of corn meal and egg batter-based baits enclosed in plastic bags were placed at 1.0-m diameter, raked tracking stations and checked daily. Packets were well accepted by raccoons; they visited 31 to 44% of the tracking stations where they removed 69 to 90% of the packets within 4 to 5 days. All or nearly all baits were removed from plastic bags and less than 1% of the baits were found only partially eaten. No rejection of water-filled paraffin ampules in baits was observed. The use of an odor attractant on bait packets did not appear to enhance bait discovery when packets were placed on raccoon travel routes. An attractant did enhance discovery when baits were placed off-road in a simulated aerial baiting test. Nontarget species comprised 31 to 53% of all visits to the stations; they took 28 to 55% of the baits but did not appear to adversely affect bait availability for raccoons. A total of 2,300 baits, each containing a wax ampule holding 10 mg of a physiological marker (iophenoxic acid), were distributed at a rate of 82 baits/km2 on 2,800 ha of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Thirty-five (65%) of 54 raccoons collected following bait placement had eaten one or more baits as indicated by elevated levels of iodine in the blood serum.
1989年和1990年在美国佐治亚州和马里兰州进行了8次田间试验，以评估用于向浣熊（北美浣熊）投喂口服狂犬病疫苗的诱饵和诱饵投放策略。将装在塑料袋中的由玉米粉和鸡蛋面糊制成的诱饵包放置在直径1.0米、经过耙平处理的追踪站，并每天进行检查。诱饵包很受浣熊欢迎；它们光顾了31%至44%的追踪站，并在4至5天内拿走了69%至90%的诱饵包。所有或几乎所有的诱饵都从塑料袋中被拿走，只有不到1%的诱饵被发现只是部分被吃掉。未观察到浣熊拒绝诱饵中装水的石蜡安瓿。当诱饵包放置在浣熊的行进路线上时，在诱饵包上使用气味引诱剂似乎并不能提高诱饵被发现的几率。在模拟空中诱饵投放试验中，当诱饵放置在路边时，引诱剂确实提高了诱饵被发现的几率。非目标物种占所有光顾追踪站的31%至53%；它们拿走了28%至55%的诱饵，但似乎并未对浣熊获取诱饵产生不利影响。在佐治亚州萨佩洛岛2800公顷的区域内，以每平方公里82个诱饵的投放量总共分发了2300个诱饵，每个诱饵都含有一个装有10毫克生理标记物（碘苯氧酸）的蜡质安瓿。在投放诱饵后收集的54只浣熊中，有35只（65%）血清碘水平升高，表明它们食用了一个或多个诱饵。
