Lefevre J A, Kulak A G
Department of Psychology, Carleton Univeristy, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 1994 Mar;22(2):188-200. doi: 10.3758/bf03208890.
In two experiments, we found evidence for individual differences in the obligatory activation of addition facts. Subjects were required to verify the presence of a target digit (e.g., 4) in a previously presented pair (e.g., 5+4). Subjects rejected targets that formed the sum of the initial pair (e.g., 5+4 and 9) more slowly than they rejected unrelated targets (e.g., 5+4 and 7). This interference of the sum was largest for subjects who were relatively skilled at multi-digit arithmetic. Less skilled subjects did not show statistically significant effects of obligatory activation. In comparison with less skilled subjects, skilled subjects showed differential interference on plus-one (e.g., 3+1) and standard (e.g., 2+3) problems when the plus sign was presented, and on ties (e.g., 2 2) when the plus sign was omitted. These results suggest that network models of arithmetic fact retrieval are appropriate for skilled subjects, but that alternative models need to be considered for less skilled individuals.
在两项实验中，我们发现了加法运算事实的强制性激活存在个体差异的证据。要求受试者验证目标数字（如4）是否存在于先前呈现的数字对中（如5 + 4）。与拒绝无关目标（如5 + 4和7）相比，受试者拒绝构成初始数字对之和的目标（如5 + 4和9）的速度更慢。对于在多位数算术方面相对熟练的受试者，这种和的干扰最大。技能较低的受试者没有表现出强制性激活的统计学显著影响。与技能较低的受试者相比，当呈现加号时，熟练受试者在加一（如3 + 1）和标准（如2 + 3）问题上表现出不同的干扰，当省略加号时，在平局（如2 2）问题上也表现出不同的干扰。这些结果表明，算术事实检索的网络模型适用于熟练受试者，但对于技能较低的个体需要考虑其他模型。
