Carmichael W W, Biggs D F, Gorham P R
Science. 1975 Feb 14;187(4176):542-4. doi: 10.1126/science.803708.
Calves, rats, ducks, and goldfish given lethal oral doses of bacteria-free lyophilized cell suspensions of toxic Anabaena flos-aquae died as a result of respiratory arrest. Experiments with selected animals and pharmacological preparations showed that the main effect of the toxin was production of a sustained postsynaptic depolarizing neuromuscular blockade.