Naylor J M
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
Can Vet J. 1994 May;35(5):279-85.
The purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date summary of the signs, diagnosis, treatment, and implications of equine hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. The review encompasses all original articles published between 1986 and early 1993. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is the result of a genetic mutation in the skeletal muscle sodium channel gene. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait; most affected horses are heterozygotes. The classical signs are muscle fasciculation, spasm, and weakness associated with hyperkalemia. However, these signs are only rarely observed in affected horses. Potential sequelae to attacks are abrasions and involuntary recumbency; these problems are not specific for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, but they occur more frequently in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis-affected horses. It is also likely that hyperkalemic periodic paralysis results in greater muscle mass. There are suggestions that homozygotes may be more severely affected and show signs of upper respiratory obstruction as foals. The practitioner needs to be aware of the tests for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, and their limitations, so that he can properly diagnose this condition. The industry has the difficult problem of deciding whether or not testing should be mandatory and the fate of positive horses.
本综述的目的是对马高钾性周期性麻痹的体征、诊断、治疗及影响进行最新总结。该综述涵盖了1986年至1993年初发表的所有原创文章。高钾性周期性麻痹是骨骼肌钠通道基因突变的结果。它作为常染色体显性性状遗传；大多数患病马匹为杂合子。典型体征是与高钾血症相关的肌肉束颤、痉挛和无力。然而，这些体征在患病马匹中很少被观察到。发作的潜在后遗症是擦伤和非自主性躺卧；这些问题并非高钾性周期性麻痹所特有，但在受高钾性周期性麻痹影响的马匹中更频繁出现。高钾性周期性麻痹也可能导致更大的肌肉量。有迹象表明，纯合子可能受影响更严重，并在幼驹时出现上呼吸道梗阻的体征。从业者需要了解高钾性周期性麻痹的检测方法及其局限性，以便能正确诊断这种疾病。该行业面临着一个难题，即决定检测是否应强制进行以及检测呈阳性马匹的命运。
