Ding S L, Wang J D, Chen K T
Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1994 Jun;53(6 Suppl B):16-22.
Pedestrian-vehicle collision is a serious public health problem today in Taiwan, but this issue of pedestrian safety has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of pedestrian injury after involvement in a collision.
An epidemiologic study on 845 traffic accident consecutive victims, managed at Tri-Service General Hospital in 1990, was performed. They were interviewed with a brief questionnaire about demographic data and types of accident including injured site, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and outcome; the latter was obtained by review of medical records and by a telephone survey performed four months after discharge.
Results showed a common distribution of injuries for all age groups. Of the 845 patients, 487 were male and 358 were female (sex ratio = 1.4:1). The majority of injuries (84.8%) occurred for pedestrians who were walking on the side of, or crossing, the road. Four hundred and ninety-six victims (58.7%) were treated in the Emergency Department only, while 342 patients (40.5%) were further admitted as inpatients; the remaining 34 patients (4.0%) died in the Emergency Department (0.8%), or as inpatients (3.2%). The study showed fatality rates according to age as follows: 0.5% age 1 to 19, 1.8% age 20 to 39, 4.6% age 40 to 59, 7.5% age 60 or older, with the elderly having the highest pedestrian death rate. Elder pedestrians who were struck by motor vehicles also had the highest fatality rate of all pedestrian injury victims. The percentage of pedestrian injuries is fairly constant from month to month. For time of day, 12 noon and 3 to 5 pm were associated with the most injuries for age 0-19 youths; 4 pm and 10 pm for age 20-59 adults; 8 am and 7 pm for age 60 or older. There was a significant difference of mean ISS between the nonsurvivors (27.8) and the survivors (4.6) (p < 0.01). When nonsurvivors were compared with survivors, among the aged (> 60), high Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of head, and high ISS were most common among nonsurvivors (p < 0.01).
That pedestrians are the least protected participants in traffic. Situations is reflected by a considerable fatality rate among pedestrians. Data from this study should be useful for designing, implementing, and evaluating a targeted pedestrian safety program in Taiwan.
行人与车辆碰撞在当今台湾是一个严重的公共卫生问题，但行人安全这一问题受到的关注相对较少。本研究的目的是评估行人在碰撞事故中受伤的特征。
对1990年在三军总医院接受治疗的845名交通事故连续受害者进行了一项流行病学研究。通过一份简短问卷对他们进行访谈，内容包括人口统计学数据以及事故类型，如受伤部位、损伤严重度评分（ISS）和结局；结局通过查阅病历以及出院四个月后进行的电话调查获得。
结果显示所有年龄组的损伤分布具有共性。在这845名患者中，男性487名，女性358名（性别比 = 1.4:1）。大多数损伤（84.8%）发生在在路边行走或过马路的行人身上。496名受害者（58.7%）仅在急诊科接受治疗，而342名患者（40.5%）进一步住院治疗；其余34名患者（4.0%）在急诊科死亡（0.8%）或住院期间死亡（3.2%）。该研究显示的各年龄段死亡率如下：1至19岁为0.5%，20至39岁为1.8%，40至59岁为4.6%，60岁及以上为7.5%，老年人的行人死亡率最高。被机动车撞击的老年行人在所有行人受伤受害者中死亡率也最高。行人受伤的百分比逐月相当稳定。对于一天中的时间，中午12点以及下午3点至5点与0至19岁青少年受伤最多相关；下午4点和晚上10点与20至59岁成年人受伤最多相关；上午8点和晚上7点与60岁及以上老年人受伤最多相关。非幸存者（27.8）和幸存者（4.6）的平均ISS存在显著差异（p < 0.01）。当将非幸存者与幸存者进行比较时，在老年人（> 60岁）中，非幸存者头部的简明损伤定级（AIS）高以及ISS高最为常见（p < 0.01）。
行人是交通中受保护最少的参与者。这种情况通过行人中相当高的死亡率得以体现。本研究的数据应有助于在台湾设计、实施和评估一项有针对性的行人安全计划。
