Susman J
Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275.
Soc Sci Med. 1994 Jan;38(1):15-22. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90295-x.
An important contribution social science research makes to understanding the experiences of disabled individuals in the U.S. is to illuminate the influence of stigma and deviance on those experiences. Because perceptions of negative difference (deviance) and their evocation of adverse responses (stigma) have been and continue to be widespread, it is these with which alternate perceptions and responses vie in the construction of disability's symbolic and practical meanings. While some research demonstrates a regrettable imposition of stigma/deviance into the lives and minds of disabled people, some of it shows disabled people resisting stigma/deviance imputations; and some of it suggests that such imputations are losing force as new ways of thinking about the meaning of disability gain sway.
社会科学研究对理解美国残疾人经历的一项重要贡献在于，阐明污名和偏差对这些经历的影响。由于对负面差异（偏差）的认知及其引发的负面反应（污名）一直以来且仍广泛存在，在残疾的象征意义和实际意义的构建过程中，这些认知和反应与其他不同的认知和反应相互竞争。虽然一些研究表明，污名/偏差令人遗憾地强加于残疾人的生活和思想中，但也有一些研究表明残疾人在抵制污名/偏差的归因；还有一些研究表明，随着关于残疾意义的新思维方式占据主导地位，这种归因的影响力正在减弱。
