Goldstein S F, Charon N W, Kreiling J A
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Apr 12;91(8):3433-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.8.3433.
Borrelia burgdorferi is a motile spirochete with multiple internal periplasmic flagella (PFs) attached near each end of the cell cylinder; these PFs overlap in the cell center. We analyzed the shape and motion of wild type and PF-deficient mutants using both photomicrography and video microscopy. We found that swimming cells resembled the dynamic movements of eukaryotic flagella. In contrast to helically shaped spirochetes, which propagate spiral waves, translating B. burgdorferi swam with a planar waveform with occasional axial twists; waves had a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.85 micron and a wavelength of 3.19 microns. Planar waves began full-sized at the anterior end and propagated toward the back end of the cell. Concomitantly, these waves gyrated counter-clockwise as viewed from the posterior end along the cell axis. In nontranslating cells, wave propagation ceased. Either the waveform of nontranslating cells resembled the translating form, or the cells became markedly contorted. Cells of the PF-deficient mutant isolated by Sadziene et al. [Sadziene, A., Thomas, D. D., Bundoc, V. G., Holt, S. C. & Barbour, A. G. (1991) J. Clin. Invest. 88, 82-92] were found to be relatively straight. The results suggest that the shape of B. burgdorferi is dictated by interactions between the cell body and the PFs. In addition, the PFs from opposite ends of the cell are believed to interact with one another so that during the markedly distorted nontranslational form, the PFs from opposite ends rotate in opposing directions around one another, causing the cell to bend.
伯氏疏螺旋体是一种具有多个内部周质鞭毛（PFs）的运动性螺旋体，这些鞭毛附着在细胞圆柱体两端附近；这些PFs在细胞中心重叠。我们使用显微摄影和视频显微镜分析了野生型和PF缺陷型突变体的形状和运动。我们发现游动的细胞类似于真核生物鞭毛的动态运动。与传播螺旋波的螺旋形螺旋体不同，平移的伯氏疏螺旋体以平面波形游动，偶尔有轴向扭曲；波的峰峰值幅度为0.85微米，波长为3.19微米。平面波在前端以全尺寸开始，并向细胞后端传播。同时，从后端沿细胞轴观察，这些波逆时针旋转。在非平移细胞中，波的传播停止。非平移细胞的波形要么类似于平移形式，要么细胞变得明显扭曲。Sadziene等人[Sadziene, A., Thomas, D. D., Bundoc, V. G., Holt, S. C. & Barbour, A. G. (1991) J. Clin. Invest. 88, 82 - 92]分离出的PF缺陷型突变体细胞相对较直。结果表明，伯氏疏螺旋体的形状由细胞体与PFs之间的相互作用决定。此外，细胞两端相对的PFs被认为相互作用，因此在明显扭曲的非平移形式中，两端相对的PFs围绕彼此沿相反方向旋转，导致细胞弯曲。
