Gould D, Udry E
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Greensboro 27412-5001.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Apr;26(4):478-85.
This review summarizes and integrates current empirical and theoretical research on arousal regulation strategies for enhancing athletic performance. The need to view arousal as a multifaceted construct made up of both cognitive and physiological components was emphasized, as well as the importance of understanding arousal-performance relationship theories that go beyond a simple inverted-U notion. Categories of arousal regulation strategies were discussed and included: arousal energizing techniques, biofeedback techniques, relaxation response strategies, cognitive behavioral interventions, and mental preparation routines. It was concluded that these techniques can be effective in influencing arousal and facilitating performance. However, additional research (especially evaluation research) using more rigorous methods, determining how and why interventions work, using case study methodologies, identifying personality and situational factors influencing arousal regulation effectiveness, and identifying the most effective means of teaching arousal regulation is needed.
本综述总结并整合了当前关于提高运动表现的唤醒调节策略的实证研究和理论研究。强调了将唤醒视为一个由认知和生理成分组成的多方面概念的必要性，以及理解超越简单倒U形概念的唤醒-表现关系理论的重要性。讨论了唤醒调节策略的类别，包括：唤醒激发技术、生物反馈技术、放松反应策略、认知行为干预和心理准备程序。得出的结论是，这些技术可以有效地影响唤醒并促进表现。然而，需要更多的研究（尤其是评估研究），采用更严谨的方法，确定干预措施如何以及为何起作用，采用案例研究方法，识别影响唤醒调节效果的个性和情境因素，以及确定教授唤醒调节的最有效方法。
